Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

Introduction Planet of Life: Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Discovery Channel. A must see documentary regarding the Theory of Evolution. Originally produced for Discovery Channel, each episode covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the evolution with the use of computer animation. The film talks about how apes like Lucy, who is known to be a three million year old ape that walked upright or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who populate the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first stage in evolution is walking upright or with two legs just like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak. Summary One hundred million years ago, dinosaurs walked the earth. They no longer exist today because of the asteroids that hit their home and eventually killed all of them. The earth, after some time, regained its life forces because some small creatures that got through the great tragedy that  put an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earth’s oldest primates that may have evolved throughout the ages A new era of animals rose to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and discover new things in its surroundings more advanced than others. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a book called â€Å"Origin of Species†. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because most men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didn’t believe him until a team of French-American researchers in the year 1974 found evidences of early apes. But by that time I think Darwin’s unlikely friends and haters won’t be able to say it in front of him. The people who found Darwin’s inspirational evidence called it â€Å"Lucy†. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists say Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo. After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now. Generalization Evolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It made us realize and understand how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affected all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve. Reflection Personally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. There is no contest to what the Bible says about us  being formed in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the facts or the things he has observed based on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists’ findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras. Other important human characteristics – such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally. Thinking About You A tornado flew around my room before you came Excuse the mess it made, usually doesn’t rain In Southern California, much like Arizona My eyes don’t shed tears, they pour When I’m thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Ooh no, no) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever No, I don’t like you, I just thought you were cool Enough to kick it Got a beach house I could sell you in Idaho You don’t think I love you, I just thought you were cute That’s why I kissed you Got a fighter jet, I don’t fly it though Lyin’ down thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Oooh) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever And I remember, how could I forget How you feel And though you were my first time A new feel And it won’t ever get old,not in my soul, Not in my spirit, keep it alive We’ll go down this road ‘Til it turns from color to black and white Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

Case on Industrial Dispute Essay

Road Transport Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Corporation’), has been constituted under the Road Transport Corporation Act, 1950. The respondent which is a Trade Union of the appellant-Corporation, filed an Application before the Labour Court, Dehradun under Section 11-C of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 read with Section 13A of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, praying for a declaration that the 15 persons who were appointed on contract basis as ‘drivers’ and ‘conductors’ as shown in the annexed chart, be declared as regular and substantive workmen of the Corporation. It was also prayed in the said Application that the concerned workmen be given all the benefits and facilities of regular employees. The aforesaid Application was allowed by the Labour Court, Dehradun by its order dated 19. 9. 2001. The Labour Court directed that the concerned workmen be given the minimum wages admissible to the regular employees in the pay scales of ‘drivers’ and ‘conductors’. The Labour Court also held that the said workmen are employees of the Corporation. It is not disputed that the concerned workmen were appointed on contract basis. Before the Labour Court, the Corporation had contended that Rule 2 of U. P. S. R. T. C Employees (Other than Officers) Service Regulations, 1981 (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Regulations’) clearly mentions that these regulations shall not apply to employees working on contract basis. The persons working on contract basis filed Writ Petition No. 41349/1999 Kanchi Lal and others vs. U. P. S. R. T. C before the Allahabad High Court for grant of same benefits as the regular employees of the Corporation, but the said writ petition had been dismissed. However, the bjection of the Corporation was rejected by the Labour Court. It filed a writ petition thereafter before the High Court which was dismissed by the impugned judgment. It was contended in the writ petition by the appellant that the concerned workmen had not been selected in terms of the process of selection required for appointment of regular employees and hence they cannot be directed to be given minimum pay scales of regular employees. It was also contended that the Labour Court acted beyond its jurisdiction by passing the impugned order dated. In our opinion, the Labour Court could not have granted the relief it granted by the order dated 19. 9. 2001, as that could only have been granted on a regular reference under Section 4-K of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act or under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act. A perusal of the order of the Labour Court dated 19. 9. 2001 shows that it has not referred to any standing order of the appellant. On the other hand, paragraph 3 of the said order refers to Rule 2 of the 1981 Regulations which clearly provides that the Regulations do not apply to employees engaged on contract basis. In our opinion, the Labour Court cannot amend the Regulations while hearing an application under Section 11-C of the Industrial Disputes Act. As already stated above, the scope of Section 11-C is limited to decide a question arising out of an application or interpretation of a standing order and the Labour Court cannot go beyond the scope of Section 11-C of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act. For the reasons given above, the appeals are allowed. The impugned judgment of the High Court as well as the order of the Labour Court dated 19. 9. 2001 are set aside. However, it is open to the concerned workmen to raise their grievances before the concerned authority under Section 4-K of the U. P. Industrial Disputes Act or under Section 10 of Industrial Disputes Act, as the case may be, and if the State Government refers such a dispute to the Labour Court or Tribunal, we hope that the same will be decided expeditiously. No costs

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Research - Essay Example Activities such as data collection, analysis, and communication of results that are associated with a potential to shift power or structural balance, are therefore prone to communication of a researcher’s political opinion or those of other parties. As a result, an action researcher ought to be tactical in order to achieve the research’s objectives. A good tactical approach ensures that all stakeholders in the research are managed for acceptance and implementation of the research findings. The researcher should therefore be an influential leader who facilitates an understanding between himself and stakeholders to the research as well as the relationships among the stakeholders. Some of the ways of achieving the two types of relationships are understanding the involved stakeholders, avoiding controversies with them, building relationships with them and knowing the type of information to discuss with them and what to reserve. A researcher’s ‘self-awarenessâ⠂¬â„¢ and how other stakeholders view the researcher is also important in managing the relationships (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009). The scope of action research and its potential impacts on stakeholders also elicits ethical considerations for observance of â€Å"democracies, justice, freedom, and participation† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 132). Such ethics relies on pillars of â€Å"interdependency, cogeneration of knowledge and fairer power relations† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 133) and varies with the level of research. In action research for example, the researcher is expected to incorporate participants right from the planning stage and ethical considerations extends to the entire community in which the research is conducted. Higher levels of research demands higher scopes of ethical considerations. Action research particularly involves ethical principles such as â€Å"confidentiality and anonymity,† informed consent, and beneficence that can only be

Chinese and Comparative Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinese and Comparative Company Law - Essay Example Nevertheless, some generally accepted knowledge includes that of constitutional document sometimes referred to as charter or agreement which is a certificate characterizing the existence of the entity which the law recognizes and allows acting as natural persons and regulating the structure and control of the entity and its members. It was generally accepted that the specific form of the constitutional documents depends upon the type of entity (Djankov, et al, 2002). On one side of the fence, common law is a system of law whose sources are the decisions in cases by judges. Besides, every system will have a legislature that passes new laws and statutes, nevertheless, these do not modify a collected and codified body of law. Common law comes from England and was passed on to Commonwealth countries, and almost every former colony of the British Empire (except for Malta and Scotland ). Furthermore, it is currently observed in, United Kingdom (excluding Scotland), United States (excluding Louisiana) Canada (excluding Quebec), Ireland, Australia, India, South Africa, and Hong Kong and in some other countries. In addition to these countries, several others have adapted the common law system into a mixed system. For instance, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria function largely on a common law system, however, incorporate religious law (Coffee, 2001). Likewise, company refer to a separate legal entity, as in English law, or may simply refer to a business, as i s the common use in the United States. In addition, a company may or may not be a separate legal entity. Any business or commercial economic activity may be referred to as a company; examples of this include "my company", "our company", "the company", and "their company". A corporation may accurately be called a company; nonetheless, a company should not necessarily be called a corporation, which has discrete characteristics. According to Black's Law Dictionary, in the U.S. a company could be a corporation, less commonly, an association, partnership or union, carrying industrial enterprise. Contract is a legally required trade of promises or an accord between parties that the law will implement. Contract law is based on the Latin phrase "pacta sunt servanda" literally, promises must be held in reserve. Breach of a contract is acknowledged by the law and remedies can be provided as many people make contracts everyday. Most of the times, written contracts are mandatory such as when buying a house. On the other hand, the enormous majority of contracts can be and are made orally, like the process where a vendor guarantees the material bought by a customer. Contract law is classified as part of a general law of obligations under civil law systems (La Porta et al, 1998). Therefore, it may be acceptable in China that constitutional documents in common law country may be seen as a contract between the company and the directors, but not in exact acceptable practices. This is so because one of the more prevalent reasons enterprises has second thoughts about doing business in China had been legal in context as there are no established laws that actually guard and protect the interests of investors (Ahlstrom, Nair, Young, 2003). While some countries adopt common law legal systems, judges have the authority and

If the text had been written in a different time or place or language Essay

If the text had been written in a different time or place or language or for a different audience, how and why might it differ - Essay Example One of the ways Solzhenitsyn’s work deviates from the conventions of movie genres of the 1950s is the manner in which stylistic devices have been used. Particularly, the author of the movie goes against the grains of the time to use suspense. At the time, it is obvious that the movie industry had begun using suspense, but this suspense had been forward-looking. Contrary to this approach, Solzhenitsyn’s suspense is forward-looking. Particularly, in the opening of the movie, the plotline is set running straight onwards, without the provision of any background information. For instance, the movie begins with the sounding of a wake-up call in a Stalinist labor camp, on a chilly winter morning, in 1951. Because of this, the audience is compelled to concentrate on the details being provided in the movie, in order to make meaning out of the movie’s sudden and unexplained beginning. This stylistic device sets One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich apart from its contempo raries. ... This serves as a point of departure between Solzhenitsyn’s work and others’. Other literary works had not had the solid resolve as Solzhenitsyn’s, to depict the excesses of autocratic regimes. The excesses of Stalinism are exemplified in the lives of the prisoners. For instance, most of the prisoners have been incarcerated, mainly on grounds of suspicion. Shukhov is sentenced to a life of imprisonment and cruel punishment in this Soviet gulag system for acts of espionage, though he is innocent. In like manner, Alyoshka is a devout Baptist, full of faith but is imprisoned, all the same. The heartlessness of Stalinism in this camp is attested by: scarcity of food and food rationing and the compelling of prisoners to work in freezing temperature, as long as this temperature does not fall below -42oC. Overall, there is lucidity in observing that Solzhenitsyn’s work is not dedicated to withstanding the highhandedness of Stalinism, but to reveal to the world, th e inhuman excesses of Stalinism. The import of this is that One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is different from other film genres since it surpasses the common role of entertainment to take on a moral cause (Solzhenitsyn, 1988, 125). The themes and motifs that Solzhenitsyn’s work advances presents a point of conformance with other works of art. Some of the themes that Solzhenitsyn presents for discussion include the struggle for human dignity (the depiction of harsh life in the prison camp invites this), the immorality of unjust punishment (the inhuman condemnation to a harsh life on false basis underscores this), and the need for faith (as is presented by the resilient nature of

Introduction to Organisations and Management Assignment - 5

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Assignment Example Management: Managerial Style /Structure in Relation to Watson and H&M Companies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..pg5 5. Organizational Structure of the two Companies: Focus on System Theory and its Relevance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. pg6 6. Motivation: A focus on Maslow’s Motivational Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg6 7. Group and Team: Belbin’s Team Roles Theory and its Application to Watson and H&M Consulting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 8. Human Resources Management: A focus on Rational Decision Making Theory in the Context of Watson and H&M Consulting Companies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg10 9. Leadership-Power and its Relevance in Management: A focus on Watson and H&M Consulting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg11 10. Technology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg12 11. Summary: SWOT analysis of H& M Consulting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.pg13 12. ... Various models have been developed to conceptualize management, yet managers and business owners experience dilemma trying to cope with profit creation or motivation of employees, choosing predominantly the former (Golan 2005). Therefore, some are involved in bullying other employees in the lower ranks (Bernadi 2001) External Environment Business External Environment can be analyzed using PESTEL. Botton and Harris (2008) affirm that PESTEL encompasses Political, Economic, and Social, Technological as well as Environmental and Technological (PESTEL) situations about a company. Accordingly, PESTEL can be used to analyze a company’s external environment. The external environment of Watson seems to be in bad light, since even investors are not comfortable with investing in the company. The company is in a dilemma associated with external business environment (Economic variance of PESTEL). Car manufacturers (Watson’s customers) are facing bottlenecks due to globalization and competition, an issue which has a trickledown effect on the company. The contracts that the company has traditionally enjoyed are as s result reducing. Other effects are associated with reduced transport cost, and manufactures are taking advantage of this to look for cheap supply from far locations. On the other hand H & M Consulting seems to enjoy positive media and thus investing in the company is an issue which many investors would immediately jump into. The company hand is networked across the globe. It deals with both the private and public sector and thus has a good reputation externally which attracts tenders/contracts. For example in 2006, the company achieved a rating of 8.2 out of the 10 for responding to customers’ needs. Organizational

Citi bank Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Citi bank - Assignment Example Citigroup operates in six major regions in the world which are North America, Latin America, Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa. An institution connecting millions of people from more than 1000 cities covering 160 countries, they represent themselves as a global bank. After achieving tremendous success domestically since its inception in the year 1812, they expanded globally with a sole purpose of serving their clients and shareholders effectively (Citigroup, 2013b). Citibank’s main objective of internationalization is to enter new markets and structure a banking relationship with a dedicated team of country specific officials who have thorough understanding of foreign markets and have a wealth of experience working with Citibank divisions across the globe. One of the primary global solution services of Citibank includes quick and easy opening of account in any of the 39 currencies from a single Citibank branch. Thus it spares the need for opening accounts country by country ; currency by currency. They also offer foreign exchange services to international clients thereby providing personalized one-to-one guidance from a foreign exchange specialist. They also offer 24 hours foreign exchange trading in 135 different currencies. In addition to that, Citibank also provides World Link service by means of which their international clients can make payments such as wires, automatic clearing houses or checks in any of these 135 currencies. Their multicurrency payment system offers a one-stop solution for their international clients to make payments using their preferred currency without opening accounts in different currency which they want to trade in (Citigroup, 2013c). The Citibank global business solution division helps its clients who are involved in internal business (importing materials or expanding overseas) by providing paperwork-oriented services thereby mitigating the risk. CitiBusiness trade services and manage trade transactions on behalf of their international clients thereby helping them to minimize their risk when dealing with counterparties from different countries (Citigroup, 2013d). As far as the Citibank’s international business operations in the Asia pacific region is concerned, its history dates back to 1902. They provide more services in the market, with a large base of clients, compared to any other financial institutions in this region through its institutional clients group and global consumer banking business. They employ more than 60,000 officials across 18 countries in this region. Citibank has a rich history of innovation and customer service in this region and has been as the region’s leading retail bank (Citibank, 2013e). As far as Europe, the Middle East and Africa is concerned, Citibank operates in 116 countries. However, it maintains physical presence only in 55 of them. Operating in this region has proven to be of great benefits for the organization, primarily because this region includes a thick combination of both developed and emerging markets. The main rationale for preferring Citibank over any other financial institutions in this region, as explained by the clients, is because of the bank’s global footprint, market position, in-country relationships and availability of wide

The Farm Bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Farm Bill - Essay Example It is revised after every five years under the supervision of Congress. This paper aims to critically analyze The Farm Bill and its relative impact on biotechnology. Additionally, the effect of government policies on the overall performance and production of farms shall be discussed. The Firm Bill is broadly defined as an omnibus legislation program which is based on multi-year authorization of farm production. It is typically designed to govern agricultural production and farmers through different food programs along with financial and legal support (Johnson & Monke, 2013). In USA the agricultural policies are part of some other major laws and therefore they are created and altered by freestanding legislation. However, the Farm Bill gives a forecasting opportunity to policy makers in order to expansively and sporadically addresses the issues of agriculture and food sector. It is therefore renewed approximately after every five years so as to meet the challenges of the modern world a nd also to play its vital role in the development of biotechnology (Johnson & Monke, 2013). It was initially implemented in USA somewhere in 1930 (Johnson & Monke, 2013). At that time its primary motive was to ensure commodity prices of rice, cotton, wheat, corn, soybeans and diary. Moreover, it was programmed to extend maximum income support to the farmers. However, later on due to the advancements in biotechnology and the changing political and economic dynamics few order things were included as part of the Farm Bill. For instance, currently it is responsible to assist nutrition and conversion, bio energy programs and horticulture in addition to insurance, credit, extended financial support, research and rural development (Mayrand, et. al., 2013). Following is a brief description of the functions and provision of The Farm Bill 2008 (Johnson & Monke, 2013): Commodity Programs: As per the commodity programs, farmers are provided extensive financial support which is also termed as th e ‘safety net’. It gives the required training to the farmers to enhance their disaster management skills and enable them to securely manage production risks, market fluctuations etc. Moreover, it includes a detailed description of government purchases. Conservation: It encourages management of farmlands and other natural environment through different working land programs. It protects and safeguards the resource material, tools and other equipment used in the progress of agricultural products. Primarily four broad programs are part of this category i.e. Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), Quality Incentive Program (QIP), Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP). Trade: It typically deals with the export program of USA. It has to be consistent with the international trade policies while performing its functions as per the instructions of World Trade Organization. Market access program is one of its major concerns. Nutrition: Households a nd individuals have varying nutritional demands and therefore this program is designed to care for the food needs of general population. It has introduced the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Emergency Food Assistance Program which ensures the availability of quality food in schools and children associations. Credit: It defines the loan policies and the financial support planned by the government. Farmers can easily avail credits in order to increase their production while maintaining superior quality. Rural Development: Progress

Improving life in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improving life in the U.S - Essay Example Americans are predominantly non-vegetarians. Since most of the non-vegetarian foods have too much fatty content, Americans are becoming obese as time goes on. It should be noted that obesity is becoming a huge health problem not only among adults, but also among children in America. Obesity or overweight has the potential to cause damage to physical as well as mental health. Avoidance of non-vegetarian food and practicing vegetarian foods are important things in preventing obesity related problems in America. ‘A study conducted by Arizona State University psychology professors Richard Stein and Carol Nemeroff reported that, sight unseen, salad eaters were rated more moral, virtuous and considerate than steak eaters " (Corliss). School shooting like violent incidents are increasing day by day in America. Plenty of studies have shown that non-vegetarianism has the potential to increase violence compared to vegetarianism. It should be noted that Indians are predominantly vegetaria ns and hence school shooting like violent incidents are less in India. India is adopting peaceful means of conflict resolution even though Pakistan like countries is continuously causing problems in India. It should be noted that Mahatma Gandhi opted for nonviolent means for his fight against British colonialism. On the other hand, non-vegetarianism is prevalent in Pakistan like countries. They are currently struggling to fight against terrorism and violent activities. All these factors clearly suggest that vegetarianism has the potential to improve peace and harmony and reduce violent activities. Therefore America should give more emphasize to vegetarian foods. â€Å"Today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun†(Gore). Global warming i s going to be a big problem in future. Many studies have proved beyond doubt that atmospheric temperature is increasing continuously. The survival of living things on earth would become difficult in near future itself. Being the most heavily industrialized nation in the world, America cannot stay away from the responsibilities of causing global warming like environmental problems in this world. it should be noted that automobile use in America is extremely high compared to that in other parts of the world. The greenhouse gases coming out from the automobiles are causing big problems to the environment. Last September 21, as the Northern Hemisphere tilted away from the sun, scientists reported with unprecedented distress that the North Polar ice cap is "falling off a cliff." One study estimated that it could be completely gone during summer in less than 22 years. Another new study, to be presented by U.S. Navy researchers later this week, warns it could happen in as little as 7 years (Gore). The huge ice blocs in Polar Regions are getting melted as time goes on because of the atmospheric temperature rise. The water coming out from the melted ice goes to sea and increases the sea level. It is believed that some of the major cities located near to the coastal areas will be sunk in near

Workbook One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Workbook One - Essay Example Considering marriage and family life in Britain, North Ireland and Scotland have lower rates of marriage due to differing religious and cultural structure (Irwin 1994: 129). By virtue of being in Europe, Britain is also a member of the European Economic Community. Anderson (1991) regards them as imagined communities or group of people bound together by their habitat. Emile Durkheim recognized two types of social solidarity: mechanical and organic solidarity (Somerville 2011). Mechanical solidarity is present for those who live together and are mostly bound together by kinship ties. They develop norms that dictate their behaviour and which bind them together. Deviation from acceptable behaviour or norms is considered a crime against the community and is punishable. However, as the community develops and enlarges, people move different ways and this solidarity is broken (Irwin 1994). For example, in Britain after industrialization most people moved to towns to look for greener pastures (jobs) leading to urbanisation. Business run by family members rarely exist anymore giving rise to large factories and industries. Here in factories, division of labour is complex thus necessitating organic solidarity. People performing different tasks collaborate and depend on each other for the well-being of all. These people are thus held together by other intere sts besides place. They may share same religious beliefs, sexual orientation, occupation or ethnic origin (Crow & Allan 1995). For example, we may have a ‘gay or lesbian’ community or a protestant or catholic community. Although families rarely meet like in the past since they are scattered, they communicate often due to improved communication. There are also changes in family life as in contemporary Britain; the family does not depend on the man as the ‘bread winner’. Women are now engaged in

Jasmine Revolution Essay Example for Free

Jasmine Revolution Essay Leadership or Tyranny? Summary: Within just 28 days, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had no alternative but to step down from his 23-year presidency in Tunisia. A single spark set by Mohamed Bouazizi turned out to be a prairie fire across the whole country. Economic Growth Paradox Although the economy of Tunisia has been growing steady at an average rate of 5% for the past 23 years, the unemployment rate has been standing at over 10% since 2003, which is indeed alarmingly high. The rate is double for the young Tunisians, and even higher for the fresh graduates. A recent survey has shown that the unemployment rate stands at 25% and 44% for male graduates and female graduates respectively. If the economy is growing every year, why are there so many people out of job and struggling to survive against serious inflation? What is going on behind the scene? Surrender to Dictatorship In addition to the economic factors, the political situation in Tunisia has played a crucial role in this Jasmine Revolution. The Tunisians have been silent for years: minimal (if any) freedom of speech, deprivation of other political rights and stringent censorship over information and the press. Rampant corruption at the top tier level of the Ben Ali regime, as revealed by Wikileaks, is another burning issue. On the other hand, the Tunisians had to confront the unreliable and abusive police force from the government. Instead of being protected by the local police force, Bouazizi (who was operating as an unlicensed hawker) had his produce confiscated and his subsequent complaints entirely ignored, which eventually led to his self-immolation. Transactional Leadership The exchange relationship between the Ben Ali government and the citizens in Tunisia did not seem to be balanced. Prior to a series of protests and demonstrations and subsequent abdication of Ben Ali, the Tunisians had been resigned to the dictatorship of Ben Ali in exchange of a decent life. However, are the Tunisians getting what they are supposed to obtain? Undeniably, Tunisia has become one of the most stable countries in Arab. True, the slow yet steady economic prosperity and gradual increase in basic health care and education have made the Tunisians look better-off than their Libyan and Algerian counterparts. Nonetheless, they are also under constant threat of unemployment, corrupt officials and violent police force instead of what guarantees a decent life – law and order. Media in Play? While some critics have also partially attributed this revolution to Internet social media, Twitter and Facebook in particular, caution should be exercised in order to avoid playing up the actual influence of social media. No doubt, the speed of information transmission has been greatly enhanced with the introduction of the Internet. In the case of Tunisia, some have named it as â€Å"Twitter Revolution†. However, all social media are better seen as a vehicle or a catalyst of the protests and subsequent overthrowing of Ben Ali. In other words, they are not the sole enablers of such revolution. After all, the crux lies with the fact that when the leader realises his self-interests and benefits at the expense of the interest of the other party, such transactions can no longer be deemed as satisfactory or fair in the eye of the exploited party. What’s Next The single spark in Tunisia has already started a prairie fire in Egypt, with the flame spreading to Libya and China at a great speed. How should the leaders faced with similar dilemmas react? Adopting an even more high-handed approach on the people helps very little at best, and aggravates the problem further at worse. Stricter censorship and control over the information flow to the citizens might sound plausible, yet people can always find means to overcome such barriers. On the other hand, people do not seem intimidated by the dire consequence of their protests – arrest and torture. The self-immolation of Bouazizi is a case in point to show the ‘make-or-break’ determination of the people when pushed to the dead alley. Fair Deal If the transactional relationship is to be maintained, the leaders should identify, understand and respond to the true needs of people. Marginalizing any segment of the society is the last thing to do – frustration and disappointment of the people can evolve into a fatal blow to any regime. If people’s basic welfare were not well taken care of, could the government rest assured that social peace would be maintained? What can go hand in hand with the above is that the leader should create a vision for the people and motivate the people to pursue and actualize the same version, not for themselves only but for others as well.

Intellectual and cultural life of colonial Mexico Essay Example for Free

Intellectual and cultural life of colonial Mexico Essay Mexico is a land whose history is as rich and diverse as its people. Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards to Mexico the natives enjoy great progress and technology. They’ve printed books, made paper and pigments, painted murals and manuscripts, cultivated crops, made structures and lavish designs in architecture that some historians say even outdates that of Egypt, engaged in medical practice and planted botanical crops. However with the invasion of the Spanish Empire that happened between the year 1521 to 1600 the natives who posses such technologies were suppressed by the Colonialist. Various indigenous groups disappeared since the Spaniards pushed to promote Catholicism in the country in their attempt to eliminate anything that links the people from their â€Å"Pagan past†. They also brought with them superior technology from Europe which hindered the progress of technologies that they have developed before. The diversity and development of Native Mexico is shown as manuscripts of maps of the different areas in Mexico are found in â€Å"the six Relaciones Geograficas maps†. The rich text combines native and European colorants a clear manifestation of their rich technology even before the colonialist came to the country. The inhabitants of Mexico today can be classified into two groups, the Indigenous Peoples who lived before the 14th century and the Immigration people who arrived with the Spanish conquest. The former, which are the indigenous peoples are the Toltec, Omeca, Zapotec, Maya, Aztec, Huichol, Purapecha, Tarahumara and etc. The later on the other hand are a mix of different cultures due to the wave of migration brought about by the Spanish Conquerors. For us to fully understand the impact that colonization has brought to the natives, we need to discuss their culture and practices in terms of social stratification, culture, religion and economy prior to the coming of the Spaniards. Native Mexico Mexico was the site of some of the earliest and most advanced civilizations in the western hemisphere. Its human history began with the aboriginal people we call American Indians or Amerids. Archeological records date back to older than that civilization of Egypt. They were scattered groups of nomadic hunters. The Amerids then became diverse and divided into sub classes differentiating in culture, legend and practices. These are the Toltec, Maya, Omeca, Zapotec, Aztec, Purapecha, Huichol, Tarahumara and etc. Clash of cultural minorities happened and led to the fall of different empires. When the Spaniards came to Mexico the Maya and Aztec groups where predominant in the region. Their economy greatly relies on agriculture and herding. It was a society divide into three classes: slave, commoner and nobility. However, far different from that of the Spaniard, the slaves can buy their freedom and when he manages to escape from his master and makes his was safely to the royal palace he is then given immediate freedom. Social mobility was also practiced by all the classes regardless of race as long as one has enough money and resources to do so. With regards to religion, they have numerous Gods. In Aztec society in particular, their gods are Uitzilopochtli (sun god), Tlaloc (rain god), Coyolxauhqui (moon goddess), and Quetzalcoatl (inventor of writing and the calendar and also associated with the planet Venus and with resurrection) . Animal and human sacrifices were also made to honor warriors during the war and for religious ceremonies. Prisoners were also sacrificed for less important rituals. The Spaniards found the ritual horrendous since it involves human sacrifices which are against Catholic faith. The ritual would take place on top of a pyramid where the human sacrifice is placed on a convex stone and the priest would reap their hearts out using a knife (Almanac, 2005). As of press time, the modern Aztecs people number for over a million and are the largest aboriginal group in the country. Most of them are farmers who have no access to education and most are illiterate.

Definition Of SME In China

Definition Of SME In China Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background A large number of Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) came out in 1980s as China has been moving from a centrally planned system towards a market-oriented economy. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been involved in the economic reforms. Until the end of 2004, major SOEs rapidly change into small and medium non-SOEs. At the same time, many SMEs sprouted as the implementation of non-SOE promotion policy. Nowadays, Chinese SMEs have increasingly contributed to Chinas economic growth. As recorded until 2007, there are 42,291 medium-sized enterprises and 2,327,969 small enterprises which represent 1.78 percent and 98 percent respectively of the total number of enterprises operating in China. The output value of SMEs contributed at least 60 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) as well as generating more than 82 percent of employment opportunities in China. Since SMEs growth rapidly and pay the critical roles in Chinas economic, in order to improve SMEs performance, the governmen t has provided various ways to support SMEs such as introduced promotion law in 2003, issued a document State Council on Encouraging, Supporting and Guiding the Development of Private and Other Non-Public Owned Economies in 2005 and published the SMEs growth project in 2006. Despite the external support, the internal factor such as human resource management (HRM) has been evolving dramatically in recent years. The Chinese labor market is characterized by a vast pool of poorly qualified personnel, more than 15 per cent of the populations are illiterate and many university graduates lack marketable skills. The shortage of top-class professionals and managers is acute, especially in areas such as accounting, HRM and marketing. Aggravating such shortages is the concentration of professionals in the major coastal cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou (Verburg, 1996). Human Resource Management in China as new as its market economy, with its traditional personnel administrative system undergoing a period of profound change. Besides, HRM in China are different from those in other countries because of different political, economic systems and social and cultural backgrounds. Therefore, HRM in China faces several problems. First, Chinese enterprises in general do not have a systematic approach to HRM that is consistent with their enterprise business strategy. Second, despite the oversupply of labor, many employees are experiencing recruitment and retention problems. Third, there is a lack of an effective system which links long-term motivation and performance with reward. Forth, there is a lack of coherence and continuity in enterprise training. The growth of human capital is obviously lagging behind that of enterprise profit (Pawan, 2004). Hence, this study aims to find out what are the problems about HRM in Chinese SMEs, what are the roles of HRM in SMEs, how is the role of HRM affect employee performance, and extent where this employee performance affect organization performance. 1.1.1 Definition of SME in China With the SME Promotion Law of China effect in 2003, the new definition of SME came out as well. The new guidelines base on the number of employees, revenue and total assets of enterprises. The SME definition in China is quiet complex. Such as the specific criteria about the total assets of enterprises in industrial sector, including mining, manufacturing, electric power, gas, water production and supply and construction. However, in the industries like transportation, wholesale and retail business, and hotels and restaurants, there is no assets requirement. Guidelines for the industrial sector requires SMEs to employ a maximum 2,000 people, and to have an annual revenue not exceeding RMB300 million. Their total assets should not exceed RMB 400 million. Medium-sized enterprises should employ a minimum of 300 people. Their annual revenue and total assets should not exceeding RMB30 million and 40 million respectively. The rest are classified as small enterprises (Details see EXHIBIT 1-1 ). Consequently, an SME in China may be quite large relative to SMEs in other countries. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on small enterprises (SEs), including the problems of SE, the survey of SEs, and the recommendations about human resource perspective for SEs. EXHIBIT 1-1 The definition of SME in China 1.1.2 Challenges to Chinese SMEs During the twenty-first century, businesses became more than slim; some became anorexic. Cost cutting achieved impressive short-term results. According to some studies, about 50 per cent of the company cost is the employee salary pay. Therefore, in order to cut operation cost, companies start to cut employee salary. Consequently, cutting the pay for the employee caused employee dissatisfaction and left. In China, the serious problem which the organization faces is the shortage of skilled staff to carry out maintenance and repairs or lack of trained employee. Likewise, one of the significant difficulties of SME is the cost of doing business in industrial areas and host towns are high; physical infrastructure is poor; and operational costs are high. 1.2 Research objectives In general, small firms pay less attention to human resource management than their larger counterparts do (Barron et al., 1987; Hornsby and Kuratko, 1990). The available empirical information on HRM within SMEs suggests that smaller firms make less use of high performance HRM practices than larger organizations do (Barron et al., 1987; Homsby and Kuratko, 1990). This is in line with the finding that small organizations are in general more likely to operate in an informal and flexible manner than larger firms are. For instance, Koch and McGrath (1996) find that, normally, firm size is positively related with the incidence of HRM planning and formal training, and with the level of overall HRM sophistication. Westhead and Storey (1997, 1999) find that both managers and employees are less likely to get formal training in a small firm. In a study by Jackson et al., (1989), smaller companies are found to have less formalized performance appraisals, less likelihood of bonuses based on compa ny productivity and less training than larger companies do. Aldrich and Langton (1997) find that larger companies have more formalized recruitment practices. However, firm size is not the only factor in predicting HRM practices. A large heterogeneity exists in the type and formalization of HRM practices found among smaller firms. Thus, this study aims to find out the problems of HRM within Chinese SMEs, to increase our understanding of HRM practices in SMEs and seek out what are the roles of HRM in SMEs. What is more, the impact of HRM practice will be also considered, via the chain of better HRM, better outcomes, to better firm performance, and then to better and more sustainable economic performance in the national economy. As well as what are the challenges for HRM in Chinses SMEs. 1.3 Problem statement The importance of HRM has received much attention in recent years. Some researchers approved that the practive of HRM might lead to better HRM outcomes that can enhance firm performance (Beer, Spector, Lawerence, Mills and Walton 1984; Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna 1984; Guest 1987; 1997; Schuler 1988; 1997). As well as suggest by Boselie et al.,(2001) and Guest (1997), increase usage of high performance HRM practices is generally associated with improved firm performance. Moreover, as MeEvoy (1984) already suggested, HRM practices may be an important cause of small-firm success or failure. However, there has different view of HRM. Some argued that there is a weak link between HRM and performance (Lee and Chee 1996; MacDeffie 1995; Purchell 1995; Dunphy and Stace 1992; Wong et al. 1997). In the recent Chinese economy, what are roles of HRM may contribute to better behavioral outcomes, and thus lead to better enterprise performance? Therefore, this study addressed the following research questions: RQ1: What are the roles of HRM in Chinese SMEs? RQ2: Do the roles of HRM enhance employee performance? If so, which role is the most important? RQ3: To what extent the employee performance affect the organizational performance? RQ4: What are the challenges to HRM in Chinese SMEs? The basic hypothesis is that the roles of HRM improve employee satisfaction. Further, positive employee satisfaction is positively correlated to employee performance. Consequently, positive employee performance is positively correlated to organizational performance.The Structural Equation Model as bellow: Organizational performance Employee performance Employee satisfaction The role of HRM H1: The role of HRM improve employee satisfaction H2: Positive employee satisfaction is positively correlated to employee performance H3: Positive employee performance is positively correlated to organizational performance 1.4 Research motivation How to manage an organizations workforce is a fundamental aspect of each organization, irrespective of its size. Enterprises are faced with the task of recruiting and retaining a suitable workforce. This is not only a challenge for large enterprises, but also for small and medium-sized enterprises. The increasing attention on HRM in SMEs is a comparatively recent phenomenon. HR- researchers have largely ignored the SMEs, even though smaller companies could be fruitful subjects for empirical investigation because their numbers, the growth-rates and not least diversity in the qualitative aspects of management practices. Traditionally, HRM is not being seen as important as other departments like marketing, accounting, operation. There are two reasons for the lack of interest for the HRM in SMEs. Firstly, the managers and/or owners of the SMEs, often ignored personnel, or HR issues like training and development, performance management, employee counseling etc. It seems that the mangers have the view that HRM is unresponsive or not tailorised enough to their needs, and it is considered too costly and activity to carry for a small organization. The lack of appropriateness, expectation of the activities being too bureaucratic, time consuming and the lack of clarity concerning direct effects etc., has resulted in very limited attention to the approach and the techniques associated with it among management (often without any background knowledge on personnel and HR). Earlier studies indicate even traditional personnel activities are rather seldom used in SMEs. Accordingly, with the growth of SMEs in China, and SMEs have increasingly contributed to Chinas economic growth, we need to pay attention to the SMEs performance, or we can say pay attention to HRM in SMEs. As HRM issue always been ignored, especially in SMEs, the researcher attend to do this research to explore the problems regarding HRM within SMEs and the roles of HRM in SMEs as well as the challenges for HRM in Chinese SMEs. 1.5 Scope of research Based on regional distribution (see EXHIBIT 1-2), 68.58 percent of SMEs are located in the east of China, 20.14 percent in the middle of China, 11.28 percent in the west of China. Small enterprises in the top five provinces make up 48.4 percent of all small enterprises. These provinces are all located in the eastern area of China which is Jiangsu, Zhengjiang, Guandong, Shanghai, and Shandong with 11.6 percent, 11 percent, 10.4 percent, 9.9 percent, 8.9 percent, and 7.6 percent of all SEs, respectively. EXHIBIT 1-2 Distribution of registered types of small enterprises (see EXHIBIT 1-3) is as follows: domestic enterprises in mainland China make up 96.1 percent of the total; HK-, Macao- and Taiwan-based enterprises, 2 percent; and foreign enterprises, 1.9 percent. Meanwhile, private enterprises comprise 66.1 percent of all SEs. EXHIBIT 1-3 Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 Human Resource Management overview (à ¦Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ µ) HRM is about the management of an organizations workforce. Managing a workforce first of all requires the presence of a workforce, which calls for activities in the fields of recruitment, selection, appraisal and compensation. Next, the workforce must be organized. Tasks and responsibilities must be determined and communicated. To ensure that employees possess required knowledge and skills, training and development activities can be carried out. Such activities may influence the working climate within the organization, and thus employee commitment and job satisfaction. Organizations may also employ activities that directly aim to improve commitment and satisfaction, either because job satisfaction is a goal in itself, or because it is believed to have a positive impact on organizational performance. 2.1.1 Roles of Human Resource Management In the past few years, roles of HR professionals were viewed in terms of transition from operational to strategic, qualitative to quantitative, policing to partnering, short-term to long-term, administrative to consultative, functionally oriented to business oriented, internally focused to externally and customer-focused, reactive to proactive, activity-focused to solutions-focused. However, these transitions are too simplistic. In fact, the roles of HR professionals are in reality, multiple and not single. In order to create value and deliver results, HR professionals must begin not by focusing on the activities or work of HR but by defining the deliverables of that work. Therefore, Dave, (1997) came out the framework of four key roles of HR professional (See EXHIBIT 2-1). The two axes represent the HR professionals focus and activities. Focus ranges from long-term/strategic to short-term/operational. HR professionals must learn to be both strategic and operational, focusing on the long term and short term. Activities rang from managing process (HR tools and systems) to managing people. These two axes delineate four principal HR roles which are: (1) Management of strategic human resources; (2) Management of firm infrastructure; (3) Management of the employee contribution; and (4) management of transformation and change. In other words, the roles of HR professional are strategic partner; administrative expert; employee champion and change agent. Table 2-1 summarizes the deliverables, metaphor and activities the HR professional must perform to fulfill the role. EXHIBIT 2-1 HR Roles in Building a Competitive Organization Table 2-1 Definition of HR roles Management of Strategic Human Resources This role focuses on aligning HR strategies and practices with business strategy which requires that the HR professional works as a strategic partner, helping to ensure the success of business strategies. Translating business strategic into HR practices so that the business can adapt to change, better meet customer demands and achieve financial performance through its more effective execution of strategy. Management of Firm Infrastructure Management an organizational infrastructure is a traditional HR role. This role requires HR professionals design and deliver efficient HR processes for staffing, training, appraising, rewarding, promoting and managing the flow of employees. HR professionals must ensure that these organizational processes are designed and delivered efficiently. Management of Employee Contribution This role indicates that HR professionals involve in the day-to-day problems, concerns and needs of employees. As employee champions, HR professionals need to understand employees needs and ensure that those needs are met, overall employee contribution goes up. Therefore, HR professionals should be active and aggressive in developing human resource, linking employee contributions to the organizations success. Management of Transformation and Change The final role of HR professional is to management transformation and change. Transformation entails fundamental cultural change within the firm. Change refers to the ability of an organization to improve the design and implementation of initiatives and to reduce cycle time in all organizational activities. HR professionals help to indentify and implement processes for change. Ulrich, in conjunction with Brockbank, reformulated the 1997 model in 2005, listing the following roles: Employee advocate focuses on the need of todays employees through listening understanding and empathizing. Human capital developer in the role of managing and developing human capital (individuals and teams), focuses on preparing employees to be successful in the future. Functional expert concerned with HR practices that are central to HR value, acting with insight on the basis of the body of knowledge they process. Some are delivered through administrative efficiency (such as technology or process design), and others through policies, menus and interventions. Necessary to distinguish between the foundation HR practices recruitment, learning and development, rewards, etc and the emerging HR practices such as communications, work process and organization design, and executive leadership development. Strategic partner consists of multiple dimensions: business expert, change agent, strategic HR planner, knowledge manager and consultant, combining them to align HR systems to help accomplish the organizations vision and mission, helping managers to get things done, and disseminating learning across the organization. Leader leading the HR function, collaborating with other functions and providing leadership to them, setting and enhancing the standards for strategic thinking and ensuring corporate governance. 2.1.2 Strategy Human Resource Management There is a growing awareness of the importance of human resources as well as strategy HRM. An integral component of organizing and staffing is SHR, which is becoming more widely recognized as critical to developing and implementing considered responses to profit pressures (Kawalek and wastall, 2005; Lam and Schaunbroeck, 1998; Murphy and Zandvakili, 2005). As a result, .Much attention has been given to SHR in recent years (Ericksen and Dyer, 2005; Martin-Alcazar, Romero-Fernandez, and Sanchez-Gardey, 2005; Richard and Johnson, 2004). Strategy HRM is an approach to making decisions on the intentions and plans of the organization in the shape of the policies, programmes and practices concerning the employment relationship, resourcing, learning and development, performance management, reward, and employee relations. According to Hendary and Pettigrew (1986), strategic HRM has four meanings: 1. The use of planning; 2. A coherent approach to the design and management of personnel systems based on an employment policy and manpower strategy and often underpinned by a philosophy; 3. Matching HRM activities and policies to some explicit business strategy; 4. Seeing the people of the organization as a strategic resource for the achievement of competitive advantage. SHR is concerned with the contributions HR strategies make to organizational effectiveness, and how these contributions are accomplished (Ericksen and Dyer, 2005) and involves designing and implementing a set of internally consistent policies and practices to ensure that an ganizations human capital contributes to overall business objectives (Baird and Heshoulam, 1988; Huselid, Jackson, and Schuler, 1997; Jackson and Schuler, 1995; Richard and Johnson, 2004; Schuler and Jackson, 1987). The idea that HR management systems can play a significant role in creating success for organizations is not new. Porter (1985), for example, argued that HR management practices can help organizations gain competitive advantage by lowering costs, increasing sources of product and service differentiation, or some combination of the two. 2.1.3 Strategy Human resource vs Traditional Human Resource Strategic HR differs from traditional HR in a number of ways: 1. In a traditional approach to HR, the main responsibility for people management programs rests with staff specialists in the corporate HR division. A strategic approach places the responsibility for managing people with the individuals most in contact with them, their respective line managers. 2. Traditional HR focuses its activities on employee relations, ensuring that employees are motivated and productive and that the organization is in compliance with all necessary employment laws. Strategic HR focus to partnerships with internal and external. 3. Transitioning From HR to SHR Although HR has made great strides in becoming more strategic, it has yet to fully achieve an established role as a strategic business partner. SHR expands the traditional role of I i R from bureaucratic to strategic (Leonard, 2002). Due to the tremendous differences between traditional HR perspectives and SHR, it is not shocking that few organizations are successful in transitioning to SHR (Fisher, Schoenfeldt, and Shaw, 2003). For HR to become a strategic business partner, a complete change in mind-set is needed. Table 1 provides a discussion of the key issues or aspects of HR management and examines differences between what is required for traditional and strategic HR. Fundamental Mind-set Lepak and Snell (1998) report that a survey of 1,050 companies indicated that HR professionals devote less than one-third of their time to SHR activities. Instead, their time is spent on traditional activities. (Fisher, Schoenfeldt, and Shaw, 2003; Creen, 2002). In short, the basic mind-set of traditional HR is very transactional in nature-strict focus on these basic activities does not bode well for perceiving HR as strategic. The most frequently cited barriers limiting HR departments to more effectively contribute to their organizations bottom line were HRs strong focus on administration and the inability to directly measure HRs impact on the bottom line (Fegiey, 2006). This may contribute to a perception that HR merely plays an operational role and is not an important strategic partner. Therefore, SHR requires a different mind-set, one that focuses on organizational transformations, as well as transactions. SHR can play a more consultative role in organizations in which HR profess ionals help organizations achieve goals within the larger organizations HR system (Creen, 2002). Additionally, SHR can be more involved in transformations using change management techniques instead of strictly focusing on the transactional activities. SHR can fulfill an important role in change management by helping upper management understand the fear of change and the negative reactions to it, as well as ameliorate anxiety and prepare the work force for change. It appears that some HR professionals recognize this need (cf., Harvey and Dentà ³n, 1999), but it is uncertain if HR is currently prepared to take on such roles. View of Organization Some contend that HR professionals suffer from a lack of vision when it comes to the big picture of the organization {Leonard, 1998). HR management tends to hold a micro view of the organization and HR managers are viewed as somewhat insular, focusing solely on their HR departments and on day to-day operations. In fact, many HR professionals see the HR function as a separate entity and are not involved in finding business solutions{Caudron, 2002). For example, HR planning often takes place separately from the overall strategic planning process and only at set intervals (e.g., annually). Additionally, HR planning is often used as a means of convincing top management to allocate sufficient resources for HR rather than to enhance the organizational performance process (Lam and Schaubroeck, 1998). Although HR planning is important in its own right, even the most sophisticated HR planning processes are ineffective unless done in concert with the organizations overall planning process (Dav id, 2005; Lam and Schaubroeck, 1998). HR should develop a broad and far-reaching vision and understanding of where the organization is headed and how it can help steer the organization in that direction (Leonard, 1998). The importance of the need for a fit between HR strategy and the overall business strategy cannot be over emphasized. HR needs to focus on recruitment alignment, selection, compensation, discipline, training, reward and recognition processes, and leadership development with the strategy and goals of the overall organization. HR must understand the business and make a business case for its decisions, programs, and practices to receive full acceptance at the planning table. Education and Training Another area where HR needs enhancement to become more strategic is in its formal education and training (Meilich, 2005). First, many HR practitioners do not have formal training or education in HR management. Recently, the Society for Human Resource Management surveyed members concerning the strategic nature of HR. Surprisingly, only 35 percent of the respondents indicated that their highest level of education completed involved a concentration in HR (Fegley, 2006). Additionally, many HR professionals do not have business degrees, often reflecting inadequate knowledge of business principles and practices. The survey revealed that only 20 percent of the respondents indicated that their highest degree completed was a B.B.A. or MBA (Fegley, 2006). Consequently, many HR professionals may not have adequate understanding of business concepts that are critical for acceptance as a strategic partner. HR has the potential to positively affea numerous important business activities but HR profe ssionals need to strengthen their knowledge of HR practices and regulations as well as financial knowledge, especially in the areas of business finance, financial planning, and accounting, to do so. While a change concerning HR education and training is needed, traditional HR education should not be abandoned. Rather, its important to develop business-related capabilities to complement the technical HR capabilities that HR professionals already possess. Critical Skills Another potential barrier to strategic HR management is the basic skill set or competencies that traditional HR professionals possess. Like lawyers, HR professionals are trained to be orderly, keep accurate employment records, complete documentation, and protect organizations from litigation (Green, 2002). Although such skills are necessary, many HR professionals mistakenly see this as their only job. Senior managers need HR professionals to serve as problem solvers, conflict managers, coaches, and liaisons with considerable organizational savvy (Green, 2002). HR practitioners must re-examine their existing skills and competencies to meet these new challenges. IIR professionals may look to develop additional skill sets such as critical thinking, strategic planning, project management, organizational analysis, consulting, and change management (Hayton, Cohen, Hume, Kaufman, and Taylor, 2005). This is quite a shift from what is traditionally expected, but it is essential for HR profess ionals who are working to become strategic partners. View of Employees Traditionally, HR views employees as heads or costs to the organization. With traditional HR serving mostly an administrative function, this attitude is somewhat understandable. However, this view is certainly not strategic in nature, and surely will become even more problematic as the United States experiences the labor shortages that are forecasted. The tight labor market of the present and future will make recruiting and retention top priorities in most organizations (Leonard, 1998). Hnder these conditions, the margin for error is small and the costs associated with selecting the wrong employees or losing the right ones is exacerbated. Therefore, it is critical to view employees as extremely valuable sources of produaivity and innovation. Timeframe As previously discussed, traditional HR professionals focus more closely on the transactional aspeas of their jobs. Most of these transaaional functions fulfill immediate needs of the organization and have a near-term deadline. As a result, most traditional HR practitioners are somewhat short-term in their focus. In contrast, SHR requires a long-term focus encompassing both the immediate and future needs of the organization. SHR must anticipate where the company is going to be in five to six years and help organizations understand the impact of changing demographics and expectations of the work force (Leonard, 1998). Process/Outcome Orientation when it comes to the bottom line, many believe HR has generally been out to lunch (Leonard, 1998). Some HR professionals seem more concerned with processes than with results. While issues concerning processes (e.g., employee participation, fairness, due process) are important, IIR must place more emphasis on results and work to understand how internal decisions and actions affect the bottom line. To accomplish this effectively, HR needs to measure the effects of its systems and processes, and demonstrate their impact on the bottom tine to gain equal status in the strategic planning process. Currently, fewer than half of HR departments have an established method to measure the effectiveness of their strategies (Fegley, 2006). Through measurement, HR can help demonstrate its value to the organization while tracking how well the organization is implementing various policies, systems, and initiatives, and ensuring that the desired behaviors and processes support the organizations strateg ic goals (Pfeffer, 1995). Risk HR professionals are typically risk averse, tending to err on the side of caution as they comply with the myriad laws and regulations. HR is often seen as the entity that stops companies from doing the right things (Caudron, 1997) rather than helping companies achieve their goals and objectives. One can argue that extreme caution may be appropriate in some circumstances; however. traditional HR can generalize this approach across its functions. More risk taking is required in todays business environment. Organizations must now respond to change faster and with greater risk while operating in an unpredictable internal and external environment (Briggs and Keogh, 1999). HR practitioners should display a willingness to try new things to meet the challenges of todays global marketplace (Leonard, 2002). Response to Change HR should accept some blame for the stumbling blocks experienced in working to achieve equal status as a strategic business partner. Chief among these problems is the HR professions resistance to change (Leonard, 2002). As a group, HR practitioners have been slow to respond to changes in their jobs and in the business environment. Perhaps the most critical or damaging instance is the slow acceptance of technology. Originally, numerous HR professionals viewed technology as something that would eliminate many of their jobs, rather than enhance their roles and responsibilities. Purthermore, some were reluctant to give up their paper-based processes (Leonard, 2002). This reluctance to accept technology damages the professions image and makes HR slower to react to workplace changes, To become more strategic, HR must accept and respond to changes in the business environment. In addition to ensuring their own viability, HR professionals should show more responsiveness to change in the futur e. HR Systems and Practices Perhaps to simplify and standardize their policies and practices, traditional HR often prefers a one-size fits-a

My Own Worst Enemy Essay -- English Literature

My Own Worst Enemy What would happen to you if you must live your life in the hidden of your true self? The book that I recently read is called My Own Worst Enemy written by Carol Sonenklar; hence it was published in 1999 by the Scholastic Inc. In the book, Eve Belkin is a young-teen girl who has just moved to Michigan because of the returning of her mother to medical field works. Eve has hard times in her old school of getting fit-in. Therefore she decided moving to a new place is a great opportunity to reinvent herself. She started to live her life under playing a role of a normal girl who dresses nice and neat all the time to impress her family of course. And yes, Eve gets good returns for what she gave out. She got being friends with two very popular normal girls, Lisle and Kristine. Yet she does not really like them though, because their behavior toward peoples around them is very cold. Eve’s true self later was exposed to everyone at school, after Lisle surprisingly discovered how Eve Belkin’s true self is really look like at home. Eve decided not to act or dress like someone else anymore, because she got enough of uncomfortable out from it, and beside, she said to herself why bothers being someone who is she’s really hate. Therefore Eve started to be herself again by wearing her favorite comfy gray outfits to school. She still got friends who like her. Finally Eve gets to understand the fact that fitting-in is maybe was not a great idea at the first start because maybe everyone was meant to be different and original. Eve Belkin has a few problems in her life. And mostly it got influenced from her family troubles. Her father has just lost his car company job. And for a year, he could not find... ... in reality for a teen girl's life. For instance Sonenklar uses â€Å"cleanaholic† to describe how crazy Eve’s mother is with her neatness. She uses good sense of humor to grab readers' attentions. She got a good sense of style and tone in the story. She knows when the tone should be up and down. Throughout the whole story, the tone was kind of suspicious because Eve’s condition was always anxious and worried. By doing this, it helps readers to feel the main character’s feelings better. It helps because readers are able to put themselves inside of the main character's shoe. I would like to introduce this book to some of my friends, especially to the girlfriends, because I know they will love this book since it is so touching and so true about our girls' live of being a daughter in a family. Well over all, it is such a great book!! I know you will enjoy it too!

Reflection on a Critical Incident Essay example -- Nursing Reflective

Reflection has its importance in clinical practice; we always seek to be successful and that can be achieved by learning every day of our life through experiences we encounter. In that way we can reconsider and rethink our previous knowledge and add new learning to our knowledge base so as to inform our practice. Learning new skills does not stop upon qualifying; this should become second nature to thinking professionals as they continue their professional development throughout their careers (Jasper, 2006). According to Rolfe et al. (2001), reflection does not merely add to our knowledge, it also challenges the concepts and theories by which we try to make sense of that knowledge. Acquiring knowledge through reflection is modern way of learning from practice that can be traced back at least to the 1930s and the work of John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator who was the instigator of what might be called ''discovery learning'' or learning from experience. He claimed that w e learn by doing and that appreciating what results from what we do leads to a process of developing knowledge, the nature and importance of which then we must seek to interpret (Rolfe et al., 2001). In this assignment, the reflection will be structured using the educational cycle (framework) of Graham Gibbs, as per the recommendations of Rolfe et al. (2001), in that it is often neither the subject nor the content of what we reflect on that is necessarily important, but rather its analysis in terms of what can be drawn out in understanding and learning. In keeping within current legislation on the protection and respect of an individuals’ right of anonymity, (Clamp, Gough and Land 2004; Polit and Beck 2007), and to confidentiality, (Burns and G... ... and Wilkins. Philadelphia. p180. Rolfe, Gary; Freshwater, Dawn; Jasper, Melanie (2001). Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions: a user's guide. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave. pp. 26–35 Summary of Rolfe et al.’s (2001) Reflective Model Web. 23 May 2015. http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Public/LISS/Documents/skillsatcumbria/ReflectiveModelRolfe.pdf Standards of Proficiency (2014) Operating Department Practitioners 2 June 2014 http://www.hpc-uk.org/assets/documents/10000514standards_of_Proficiency_ODP.pdf Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. (2008) Health Professions Council UK http://www.hcpc-uk.org/publications/standards/index.asp?id=38 Webster CS, Merry AF, Larsson L, McGrath KA, Weller J. The frequency and nature of drug administration error during anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001; 29: 494-500.

Bonds and The Bond Market Essay -- essays papers

Bonds and The Bond Market Given today's uncertain economy, many people are taking time to examine various options for their financial future. Different types of investments are investigated and bonds are one of the more popular choices considered. Many of the same people who talk about investing in bonds, however, do not fully understand them nor where they place in the economy. Many individuals believe that they should simply buy a bond and wait until it matures before cashing it in. These people fail to realize that they may be losing a lot of money due to the fluctuation of bond prices. At some point it may be more profitable for them to sell their bond than to keep it until the payment date is reached. There are many people who do not understand what bonds really are. A bond is an agreement between two separate entities. One of these bodies gives, to the other, use of their money for a period of time and, in return, may receive a "bond". The bond issuer agrees to a fixed rate of return which he will pay the supporting person or business. This fixed rate of return is an amount, in percentages, which is paid at regular intervals until some future specified time ( the "maturity date"). Upon reaching the maturity date, one's original investment is returned to them. As previously mentioned, bonds are one of the more popular types of financial investment in today's economy. There are many reasons why people invest in bonds. For example, if one chooses a stable and profitable bond, it will provide a steady source of income through interest payments during the lifetime of the bond. As well, the risk when investing in a bond is considerably less than for most other forms of investment. The bond does not, for instance, experience the volatility of a stock on the stock market, like many other forms of investment do. Also, in instances where the issuer fails to pay the principal amount back to the bond holder, legal recourse is available. Furthermore, in cases of bankruptcy within large corporations with stock holders, bond holders take priority and are ... ...onsequently the prices of previously purchased bonds decrease. If you are able to hold onto your bond until the maturity date is reached, temporary changes in interest rates will not affect your financial investment; however, if you need to sell the bond before the marked maturity date, you might have to accept LESS than what you paid for it. This volatility can work to your advantage too, because it is possible that your bond could be worth more at the time you decide to sell. This is why it is important to keep up to date on bond prices. You may be able to make money by simply selling your bond before it's maturity date. In conclusion, I would suggest that bonds are a wise venue for anybody wanting to financially invest in different corporations or governments. I would caution, however that when selecting a bond, one should seek the guidance of an experienced investor. By choosing a bond that is right for you and your lifestyle, you have the potential of increasing your profits greatly and going home wealthier and happier.

How to Increase Medication Compliance in Children with ADHD Essay

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is an enduring mental disorder that may become noticeable in a child’s formative preschool years. According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention ADHD affects approximately 7 percent of the school-aged population and, for that reason, has turned into a public health concern (Medical News Today, 2007). Treatment compliance is exceptionally vital in view of the fact that the success of the medication depends on consistent administration. Unfortunately, hardly any children with ADHD are capable of assuming full responsibility for their medication. In view of that, the underlying principle of this study is not just to present another piece of information to the already vast literature on ADHD. Instead, the author aims to specifically examine how to enhance medication compliance in children with ADHD. Existing studies will provide the author an overview on how ADHD medication compliance among children has been approached within the past years. Accordingly, a careful investigation in the current approach, future strategies, and obstacles will be done in this self-effacing research. Moreover, anticipated changes, that will present a forecast on what will transpire in the future if the proposed medication in children with ADHD is effectively complied with, will be done in this research. Background of the Critical Issue ADHD is a form of brain disorder that sets off difficulty in concentration and attention, as well as can cause problems of being compulsive, which is the hyperactivity aspect of it (Reporter News, 2009). Children with ADHD may easily misplace several things or get bored really easily. Sometimes they demonstrate irritability problems when they get anxious and edgy. Moreover, they normally divulge unrelated things during conversations. While symptoms of ADHD may appear to be childlike and merely annoying to observers, if left untreated or medication is not complied with, the pervasive and persistent effects of the symptoms can severely and insidiously interfere with one’s ability to maintain a generally positive self-esteem, maintain and establish interpersonal relationships, carry out one’s potential in the workplace, and to get the most out of education. With that, ADHD has become the most commonly identified and studied psychiatric disorder in children. However, notwithstanding the numerous ADHD studies undertaken, only a handful of articles explain how to increase medication compliance in children with ADHD and, consequently, only pieces and bits of information become known in published sources. At present, what experts know about medication compliances are merely information from few studies and experiences from other chronic conditions. The only interventions directly referable to ADHD are derived from specialty treatment centres that exchange information when clinicians convene at symposiums (Dodson, 2006, p. 1). With this regard, this paper will comprehensively examine current and planned approaches on how to increase medication compliance in children with ADHD. Current Research Management together with medication has been presently believed to be the most cost-effective approach in increasing medication compliance. Some of the known medicines for ADHD are atomoxetine, pemoline, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and a combination drug known as Adderall. These medicines are believed to increase medication compliance since they are seen to improve concentration and attention, and decrease overactive and impulsive behaviours among patients. However, with the idea that it is advantageous for children to have a few days per week to be prescription free, many of them take their medication only during school days. These children even experience a drug holiday during holidays or summer; therefore, allowing their bodies to function for a period of time exclusive of the aforesaid medications. In addition, researchers currently recommend a multi-tiered approach to children medication compliance, proposing more exhaustive services to children in greatest need and more traditional services to at-risk children; they believe that this may be the most cost-effective and practical strategy for helping preschoolers prevail over academic and behavioural challenges (Medical News Today, 2007). Accordingly, early medication and intervention compliance techniques generally consist of extremely individualized school programs that normally relies reinforcement behaviour on positive supports. For instance, in consultation with preschool teachers the National Institute of Mental Health researchers attempted to increase medication compliance and provide effective intervention by modifying the school environments, such as altering classroom activities and tasks in order to accommodate ADHD students (Medical News Today, 2007). Proposal for Change  Treatment adherence and compliance are vital issues in the management of every chronic psychiatric and medical condition. ADHD shares a number of the barriers to adequate compliance that is common to all chronic conditions. For instance, many people believe that children would â€Å"grow out† ADHD as symptoms of the disorder generally get better as children learn to adjust and grow older. Apparently, however, this is not true for the majority of children. A noticeable number of children who have ADHD continue to be hot tempered, have mood swings, easily distracted, and are incapable of completing tasks. In addition, many people believe that ADHD is a school-based disorder. As a result, the consequences of non-treatment adherence and compliance take place mostly outside the school environment, when children with ADHD are least expected to have been prescribed medication. Strategies The good thing about finding out Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder early and treating it early is that children are more expected to live to their full potential (Reporter News, 2009). However, children who have ADHD may have trouble and difficulty in understanding directions, particularly in complying medications. This can be very challenging not only to doctors and teachers, but also to parents, as it can cause a great deal of time, patience as well as trouble to the family. Parents need to adjust their home life to some extent in order to assist their child. In view of that, parents should make a schedule by setting specific times for going to bed, waking up, playing video games or watching TV, doing chores, doing homework, playing, eating and taking medicines. Schedule should be placed where the child is most expected to see it always, and if there are intended changes to the routine, parents should clarify the aforesaid changes in advance. Parents should also make simple house rules, and to spell out what will happen when the rules are broken as well as when they are obeyed. Likewise, parents should ensure that the rules are understood by their child. They should get their child’s attention by making an eye contact with them. Parents should then tell their child in a calm and clear voice what they want the child to follow. Nevertheless, parents should keep all instructions short and simple, and must ask their child to repeat the said instructions back to them. Finally, parents should ensure that their child is appropriately supervised all the time, as well as commend their child when the latter completes a task. For that reason, parents should reward these excellent behaviours. Obstacles Most people, including healthcare providers, still perceive ADHD as a strictly academic dilemma. This observation is reflected in medication patterns showing a large number of school-age children being exclusively treated Monday through Friday, from 7 in the morning to 3 in the afternoon but not on weekends, evenings, or during summer vacations and holidays (Dodson, 2006, p. ). This is particularly depressing given the extensive study on the alarming consequences of non-treatment. Anticipated Changes If left untreated, children with ADHD have significantly greater possibility of being involved in illegal activity, becoming divorced or separated, having an unexpected pregnancy, contracting a sexually transmitted disease, being involved in serious accidents, and developing substance use disorders. However, a growing amount of evidence reveals that successful medication reduces the possibility of these untreated ADHD outcomes to be found in non-ADHD general population (Dodson, 2006, p. 2). Accordingly, children who have supportive and loving parents who continuously work for the their wellbeing at home alongside mental health workers, school staff, and their doctor have the most excellent chance of becoming normal upon reaching adult age. Conclusion Up to 7 percent of American students suffer from Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. However, this research concludes that ADHD is not just a school-based disorder in view of the fact that children with ADHD can also cause and experience troubles at home. Unfortunately, considering the high level of research in children with ADHD, little information is available on out of school interventions that help improve patient medication compliance. Children with ADHD require continuous encouragements and clear structure, both in school and home, in order for them to experience behavioural changes and, consequently, increase medication compliance. Therefore, aside from medicines, doctors and teachers efforts, parents must also make a religious endeavour in taking care of their child with ADHD at home since it is strongly believed that ADHD medication does not end at school or clinics. Children who have ADHD tend to need clearer and more structured guidance, and home environment presents an enormous weight of realizing this appropriate guidance. Suggestions for Additional Information Tics and Tourette’s Syndrome, Changing Your Childs Behaviour, ADHD Medicines, Parenting Tips, Treating ADHD Medication.

Four Women in American Music History

Ameri pile medical specialty history has boastful an incredible amount in the be hundred years. Prior to that time, there were very(prenominal) few expressions of music that originated in America. However, with the orgasm of love and related styles, American music socialisation was born. Blues is star of the premature styles of music that is truly American, and there be many another(prenominal) an cutting(prenominal)(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) American artists who sang or performed in that style. In fact, megrims is lock up startular today, although it has changed oer time. Blues is an of the essence(p) and want-term American musical style, which has had many effects on musical culture from the former(a) 1900s th crude today.Bessie Smith was an early discolour vocalizer. She was push downular in the mid-twenties and 30s, and was cognise as much for her awkward-drinking, tearing life as much as her music. She sang most what she knew. Bessie was an Af rican American woman who indulged in sex and alcohol, and had a fuddled temper. She never gave up without a fight, either in her music or her life. Getting into a fight with Bessie wasnt something a person wanted to do, either, because she was over six feet tall and weighed almost cardinal hundred pounds. Bessie had a history of acquiring into fist fights with people, male or feminine.She excessively took off after her ex-husband with a gun when she found him cheating on her, after beating up his lover. However, Bessie herself was know for sleeping with a number of both(prenominal) men and women (Whitney). harmonyally, Bessie was not really trained. She could not read music, and relied on different musicians to redeem her songs down for her. She did write her own lyrics, though. She was a formid equal presence on st years, able to sing loudly and strongly because of her size, and her goal to sing in the range that was easiest for her.In constitution her music, Bessie t c losedowned to modify existing melodies, and sometimes bring to pass new angiotensin-converting enzymes, so that they lay tumesce in her smashing range (Whitney). hither is an example of Bessies lyrics, which show her feelings about life plainly I aint no high yella, Im a deep killer whale brown. /I aint gonna marry, aint gonna settle down. /Im gonna drink trusty moonshine and rub these browns down. /See that long lonesome road, Lawd you know its gonna end,/and Im a good woman and I can befool got plenty men (Whitney). Bessie was also known as something of a racist. term her fans were both dumb and sportsmanlike, she was rude to both whites and lighter-skinned blacks. Even at the line of longitude of her career, when she had enough money to anticipate as she chose (even as a white person might, in the early 30s), she chose to layover on the streets and to live the life that was old(prenominal) to her. Her lyrics here show her thinking on this matter Mister mysterious m an, rich man, pass around up your heart and attend,/Mister rich man, rich man, yield up your heart and mind/Give the poor man a chance, help stop these hard, hard times./While youre livin in your mansion house you dont know what hard times fashion, /While youre livin in your mansion you dont know what hard times means /Poor tameing mans wife is starvation your wife is livin like a poof (Whitney). Ethel Waters is a blues singer who began playing later in Bessies career. While Bessie was primarily performing and swell known during the 1920s, Ethel became better known in the 1930s (her career did officially let in 1921, though). Ethel was specifically a assorted attractive of blues singer than Bessie, and in fact was different from her in many ways.Ethel is also of African American decent, still she grew up in the North and was heavily influenced by white performers. When she began performing professionally, Ethel coupled a group of blacks who called themselves Cakewalk s ingers, which was intelligibly different from the more traditional blues singers, like Bessie (PBS). Ethels acceptance of whites can be traced to what was a very rough beginning for her. She was born when her mother was besides 12. Her mother had been raped by a white man, John Waters. Ethel, then, is half-white, and carries her pay offs surname.She was raised by her maternal grandmother in poverty, and began apprisal at age 5. Her beginnings are much more resembling to Bessies, plainly what she did with herself later differs widely (Myers). Ethel calculateed with a number of famous jazz performers, including Duke Ellington. In addition to her singing career, Ethel was also an actress, an range of her life that eventually came to the forefront. Her singing style was not nearly as strong as Bessies, but she performed very theatrically and managed to capture the audiences wager in all of her music.This came in handy, as she continued performing through the sixties and 70s, working at that time with wand Graham (PBS). Ultimately, Bessies influence on Ethel was very indirect. Both were jazz singers in a time when African Americans were freshman on the rise in popularity on the stage. Bessies grit may contribute given Ethel opportunities she might not flip otherwise had. In many other ways, though, the two were very different attitude, style, and more. Dinah capital of the United States is another important singer in this chain of history.Her birth name was ruth Jones, and she was born in 1924. She is meaning(a)ly jr. than both Ethel and Bessie, whose careers were near their peaks when she was born. Music was in Dinahs family from the beginning. Her mother was a church service pianist, and taught her to play at a schoolboyish age. She was accompanying and touring by the time she was 16, and had already won prizes. However, although her initial roots were in the church, Dinah longed to work in secular music, to wit jazz (Dahl).At age 19, Dinah got her big break, singing with Lionel Hamptons Big Band, then one of the most popular music styles. By 1945, she was written text her own solo work for the Apollo label and Mercury records, and by 1948, she was on her way to major stardom. 1959 was her biggest year, when she sang What a Difrence a Day Makes (Dahl). In her personalized life, Dinah was similar to Bessie. She had many husbands, and she drank a lot. In fact, alcohol and drugs eventually killed her at the end of 1963 (Dahl). In addition, she also loved the finer things, including fur, clothes, and cars.Her personality was known as feisty, and she could be snapping one minute and generous the undermentioned (Cohodas). At firstly glance, Christina Aguilera doesnt feel much like the other stars. For one, she isnt black. For another, she was born after all of the other singers had died. However, it is her roots and influences that she is similar to them. Like Dinah, she is biracial, with a mom who is Irish and a father who is Ecuadorian. Her father was in the military, which meant that Christina traveled a lot as a baby bird (Biggest Stars).Also like the other singers, Christina was interested in singing and performing from the time she was a young girl. Her family was also musical, with her mother performing on violin and piano professionally. Christina had a brief, two-year stint on The paddy field Mouse Club when she was a child, working with other singers who later became famous, like Britney Spears and Justin Timberlake (Biggest Stars). Christinas initial music was definitely pop, with her first number one single(a) titled Genie in a Bottle. The single topped both the U. S. and UK charts in 1999.For for a turn longer, Christina continued in the pop genre, recording for the movie Mulan, and singing a new version of Lady Marmalade with several other female pop stars (Biggest Stars). Christinas work eventually began to seem less significant to her, and she decided to record her 2002 phon ograph phonograph album Stripped. The album was the first that really showed her background and influences. Her comments about this album Coming off of the height of being a part of much(prenominal) a big pop-craze phenomenon, that imagery of that cookie-cutter sweetheart, without it being me, I just had to murder it all down and get it out from me.And that is why I actually named the album Stripped, because it is about being emotionally unsheathed down and pretty bare to open my soulfulness and heart. This album used many different influences, including soul, R&B, rock, hip-hop and Latin (Biggest Stars). Aguileras influences were similar to the earlier stars mentioned. She looked to soul and R&B, both of which are styles typically recorded by African Americans. The blues aspect of R&B, in particular, is provoke to note. Aguilera was following in the footsteps of the other female jazz singers with this style.Also, similar to Dinah Washington, Aguilera sang pop (Dinah did p op in addition to her jazz roots). In general, all quartette of these women have things in common, and things that are different. Each grew up under similar circumstances, often with for the most part maternal influences. roughly had some kind of musical background at home. Most grew up poor, and all had an early gift for music and singing. Most also had a taste for sex, drugs, and some rougher things in life, and had a hard time at one point or another. However, each was unique.Bessie was sure enough the biggest and most blunt of the group, while Christina stood of the arctic end as the sweetheart of pop for awhile. Christina was also different in that she was not of African American decent in any way, although Ethel was also half-white. Some of the singers, viz. Dinah, had their start in gospel music, while others went straight for jazz or pop. Overall, it is enkindle how strikingly similar the artists are, even though there are also very big differences in their lives and styles.Their stories and backgrounds are painfully similar in some respects, but very different in others. These four women are just some of the amazing performers from the rich tapestry that is American music history. Sources Burns, Ken. Ethel Waters. Jazz. Accessed on celestial latitude 4, 2007. Website http//www. pbs. org/jazz/ memoir/artist_id_waters_ethel. htm. Christina Aguilera Biography. Biggest Stars. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. biggeststars. com/c/christina-aguilera-biography. html. Cohodas, Nadine (2004).Queen The Life and Music of Dinah Washington. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. dinahthequeen. com/. Dahl, Bill. Dinah Washington. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. vervemusicgroup. com/dinahwashington. Myers, Aaron. Ethel Waters. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//www. wntb. com/blackachievers/ethlwaters/. Whitney, Ross (1995). Reflections Of 1920s And 30s highway Life In The Music Of Bessie Smith. Accessed December 4, 2007. Website http//bluesnet. hub. org/readings/bessie. html.