The Authors Depiction of Warfare in Beowulf :: Poems Literature Essays

The Author's Depiction of Warfare in Beowulf The sonnet Beowulf is set in when fighting was common. The epic sonnet is accepted to have been created at some point between the mid eighth century and the tenth century, A.D. During this time, war between clans existing together inside a similar locale, just as war between clans from a remote place, was a typical event. The creator of Beowulf recognizes this reality regularly. In any case, it isn't evident whether their assessment is that of a radical or a lobbyist, with respect to such savagery. The storyteller accentuates that the force, respectability and significance of a warrior are frequently improved by his accomplishment in fight. The way that beneficial things might be accomplished through war, proposes that the storyteller believes fighting to be an important underhandedness. Regardless of whether the creator considers fighting to be positive or negative, he perceives its significance in the creation and trim of incredible pioneers during this savage time. The creator accepts that war isn't a circumstance that can be stayed away from. He likewise brings up the significance of liberality with respect to the individuals who will definitely be attracted to fight, saying: And a youthful ruler must be reasonable like that, so that a while later during a time when battling begins relentless buddies will remain by him and hold the line (Norton 20). Notice that he doesn't state if battling begins, but instead when battling begins. This tone proposes that war is not out of the ordinary and is an unavoidable part of life. The way that achievement in fighting is a significant factor in turning into an extraordinary pioneer is delineated in the initial hardly any lines of the sonnet. Here, the creator compares mental fortitude and enormity with the characteristics of men, for example, Shield Sheafson, who substantiate themselves ground-breaking in fight. We are informed that the originator of the Danish regal line was a: scourge of numerous clans, a wrecker of mead-seats, rampaging among foes...he would thrive later on as his forces waxed and his value was demonstrated (4). Indeed, the creator seldom presents any amazing ruler or master without portraying, somewhat, the triumphs which made and improved such force. A completely defensively covered warrior is portrayed as being respectable. He is a man to be gazed upward to and regarded. This is clearly outlined when Beowulf and his warriors first land in Denmark and are addressed by the coast watch.

Aspirin essays

Anti-inflamatory medicine papers Analgesics are mixes used to lessen torment, antipyretics are mixes used to decrease fever. One mainstream tranquilize that does both is headache medicine. Salicylic corrosive is responded with acidic anhydride with the utilization of warmth and sulfuric corrosive, which goes about as an impetus, to deliver acetylsalicylic corrosive or generally known as anti-inflamatory medicine. This procedure is known as esterification. In the analysis, 2.0293 g of salicylic corrosive is utilized to respond with 4.00 ml of acidic anhydride to create 0.3565 g of acetylsalicylic corrosive offering ascend to a 13.45 % yield. Salicylic corrosive is a basic sweet-smelling carboxylic corrosive that turned into a key part of clinical treatment since forever, going back to the Greeks (400 BC) and their utilization of willow tree covering. It was found in 1827 that the dynamic operator in willow bark is a fragrant compound called salicin, which could be changed over by response with water into salicyl liquor and afterward oxidized to give salicylic corrosive. Felix Hoffman, working for Friedrich Baeyer and Company in 1883, acetylated salicylic corrosive and decreased the bothering reactions of salicylic corrosive in the mucous layer of the stomach and made one of history's most well known medications ordinarily alluded to as headache medicine (acetylsalicylic corrosive). Anti-inflamatory medicine end up being increasingly successful in soothing torment and irritation of rheumatoid joint pain. In a quest for considerably increasingly successful and less disturbing analgesics and calming drugs, the Boots Pure Drug Company in England found ibuprofen. Before long, Syntex Corporation in US created naproxen and Rhne-Poulenc in France created ketoprofen. During the 1960s, it was found that anti-inflamatory medicine goes about as by repressing cyclooxygenase (COX), a key chemical in the transformation of arachidonic corrosive to prostaglandins. The acetyl gathering of anti-inflamatory medicine is transferrable to chemicals, for example, prostaglandin synthase. Acetylation of prostaglandin synthase represses its cyclooxygenase acti ... <!

Research Articles Analysis

Question: Analyze two research articles which join a measurable examination talked about in this course.Briefly sum up and report on every measurement and talk about whether the presumptions of each test were met and if the sort of information was fitting for each factual test. Answer: Presentation This report identifies with all the subtleties of two articles that are being investigated and assessed in this report. The main Article is Impact of patient contribution in psychological well-being research: longitudinal examination and the subsequent one considered here is the Reports of Insurance-Based Discrimination in Health Care and Its Association with Access to Care. Both the articles are identified with social insurance field and give insights about a few practices in this field. 1. Issue Of Research Studies Article 1-Man point was to perceive whether the patient association really is connected to the examination achievement. Likewise some different issues were to be explained like what are the components of effective enrollment? Are there any indicators of the degree of the patient contribution? Is all the patient inclusion connected with the fruitful enrollment? What are the obstructions and the facilitators towards association? What are on the whole the potential instruments and ramifications of the examination that will be led? What are the genuine effects of the patient contribution inside the psychological wellness look into? What are the vacillations in the pace of patient inclusion in human services and furthermore what are the purposes behind these changes? (Brackett, n.d.) Article 2-The issues to be explores resembled what is the degree of protection based separation by the medicinal services suppliers? What is the degree of variation in protection based separation in medicinal services division? Discover viable approaches to evaluate and inspect reports of the protection based separation. What is the connection of protection based segregation with the protection type just as access to the consideration in early long stretches of Patient Protection in addition to Affordable Care Act? What are the examines done till date on the issue identified with protection based biasness inside the social insurance in addition to all its relationship alongside access to the consideration (Brown Wiggins, 2004). 2. Information Collection Procedure Article 1-The exploration utilized optional information for the examination under which it considered numerous investigations that were recently made by different researchers. All the examination utilized was the non-business look into enrolled upon MHRN portfolio and database. No review or some other measure was embraced and furthermore no essential technique for assortment of information was utilized. This strategy for information assortment helped the scientist to accomplish all the accessible information from various sources like web, books, diaries and sites too. Additionally for the investigation and the exploration to be proceeded with appropriately a decent logical choice was made for characterizing the effective enrollment (Carpenito, 2009). Article 2-Similar to the main article this likewise utilized optional strategy for information assortment and no essential research was attempted. Additionally a legitimate essential research was embraced in which respondents and chose test were approached to fill the survey and return back to the specialist. Likewise the analyst utilized data and information from the Minnesota 2013 Survey of the wellbeing access. The specialist at that point demonstrated the connection in the midst of the biasness and the protection type and even anticipated all the chances of conveying diminished access towards care among those that have revealed biasness, controlling for the socio-segment components. All the information were likewise weighed to introduce states people (Chaubey, 2002). 3. information assortment sources: Article 1-MHRN database was utilized as the essential hotspot for assortment of information in this article or inside this investigation. The whole database was most thorough database of the psychological wellness investigate inside England and furthermore contained examinations that were bolstered by MHRN. All the examinations that were recorded on emotional well-being research organize portfolio database were interviewed utilizing the calculated relapse and ANOVA just as Pearsons connection. All the examination utilized was the non-business look into enlisted upon MHRN portfolio and database. Around 374 examinations that were recently made and enrolled were utilized as base for gathering data and later investigation was done (Cheng, 2005). Article 2-The examination utilized the information from 2013 Minnesota Health Access Survey towards indentifying 4123 Minnesota grown-ups matured in the midst of 18 years to 64 years and who announced their encounters of the protection based segregation. Branch of the Health University of Minnesota State Health Access Data Assistance that had 11778 meetings recently held were utilized as the essential wellspring of information. The essential research utilized about 11778 meetings that were prior gathered from the period of August to November in the year 2013 inside Minnesota. The specialist utilized data and information from the Minnesota 2013 Survey of the wellbeing access (Creswell Plano Clark, 2007). 4. Autonomous Plus Dependent Variables Article 1-autonomous variable in the exploration was those that could be changed inside a gave model. These factors gave input that was changed by this model to modify the genuine yield of the investigation. While subordinate factors where those that came about because of all the autonomous factors. The autonomous factors inside the examination were patients inclusion, funder, clinical investigation gathering and multifaceted nature, follow-up of the investigation and furthermore randomization. Though the needy factors were enrollment of the member, the related outcomes and connected result, language utilized and outcomes of the examination that was completely founded on adequacy of the investigation made (Davies, 2002). Article 2-This examination and analysis was a genuine prime occasion of how thought of the exploratory factors could really turn into a next to no complex one.Basic and best autonomous factors were the race and ethnicity, society, human progress, in addition to feeling separation, segregation dependent on socioeconomics, wellbeing status just as protection status that were utilized in the exploration. All the reliant factors were the CAHPS reports and furthermore their whole appraisals of the consideration and separation. Indeed, even the factors that were gotten from the CAHPS reports were all needy one as they were not really gotten from any free factors (Dutter, 2003) 5. Test Size and Sample Fit Article 1-A nonequivalent connection gathering plot was used to take a gander at three social occasions of individuals: (a) the people who were continually powerful in CSIs over a three year time frame (n = 25); (b) the people who had been dynamic in CSIs at 9-and 18-month resulting periods, anyway who were not any more unique at three years (n = 35); and (c) an assessment get-together of individuals who were never unique in CSIs (n = 42). Out of the examinations that were utilized 374 were incorporated inside the portfolio from which 207 were then observational and 154 were really interventional. Article 2-The investigation people was at first restricted to 7201 nonelderly targets developed 18 to 64 years, excepting 2734 children more young than 18 years whose gatherings were done by adults and 1843 adults more prepared than 64 years who were generally made sure about by Medicare and at risk to have unmistakable experiences with therapeutic administrations and access to prosperity security than the nonelderly adults. Further the example was limited to 4222 nonelderly grown-up respondents who tended to the outline themselves to ensure estimation of individual experience (Elford, 2009). 6. Insights Used To Answer The Research Hypothesis Article 1-For investigating the need and component of effective enrollment commonsense choice were made to appropriately characterize the fruitful enlistment being a need as the paired variable along. For noting the inquiry identified with presence of indicators of the degree of patients all the patient inclusion were unassumingly yet essentially connected to contemplate section pattern, r=0.12,P Article 2-Firstly the examination performed Pearson X^2 test for looking at the variety inside the reports of the protection situated segregation among the uninsured and freely guaranteed, just as secretly safeguarded adolescents. The investigation additionally ran approximately two multivariate strategic relapse reproductions. Results and tables portrayed that the grown-ups who detailed protection based biasness were in reality progressively likely to need general hotspot for care and even needed trust in accomplishing the necessary consideration. Likewise they swear off required consideration as a result of the expense and the experience supplier level boundaries while looking for the genuine consideration. This whole example held for each sole individual went about as pointer of care (G.M. Metri, 2011) 7. Quality AndWeaknesses Of Displays Qualities Article 1-The investigation has greater part of point by point information feasible which likewise satisfied the classifications of the contribution. The tables were utilized which were effectively justifiable. It is realized that there exist no other genuine databases the whole way across UK or world that has benchmark just as longitudinal information of such gauge, subsequently utilization of MHRN was the most productive choice (Gillard, Simons, Turner, Lucock Edwards, 2012) Article 2-The showcase has given all present and solid information. The database used to get to the information was tremendously refreshed one and consequently the investigation was fit to accomplish all refreshed data. The discoveries of the examination feature requirement for scholastic just as arrangement consideration towards tending to the protection based biasness in the human services view (Govaert, 2009) Shortcomings Article 1-Use of MHRN database and portrayal of the data from same was not adequate. The introduction denied inclusion to rule agents. Obviously, the specialist could have explored some more factors which would have permitted increasingly nitty gritty proposals. The article disregarded numerous aspects and factors and furthermore a few fields incorporation of which could have made it bette

Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay on

Easy Topics to Write a Persuasive Essay onMost students learn that you can write an essay on any topic that you wish, but what if you find that you are unable to write something that you can actually remember? What if you have just found a topic that is truly intriguing and could hold your interest for some time to come? What if you would like to get the most out of your time writing an essay for class?One of the easiest and quickest ways to come up with the best possible essay topics is to think about the topics that interests you. It may be surprising, but the topics that people enjoy reading about tend to be topics that they would like to hear about in their own homes or at dinner parties. One great topic to choose for your essay is probably a story that has been related to you by someone else. This could be something that you are interested in hearing again, or could be something that you simply want to tell your family or friends how it happened.Your next choice would probably b e something that has taken on a life of its own. A great way to generate ideas for an essay topic that you would like to write about is to find an interesting story and analyze what makes it interesting for you personally.The next thing that you need to think about as you go about thinking about easy topics to write a persuasive essay on would be the proper format. You should start by determining how you would like to arrange your essay. What type of structure do you prefer?If you prefer a structured essay, you could go with some type of structure such as numbered lists or a table of contents. Your essay can also be classified into sections, and the topics will come from there.Now that you have decided which format is best for you, and you have an idea as to how you would like your essay to be arranged, the next step is to determine what types of topics you would like to write about. There are several different types of topics to choose from, so think about how you would like to rep resent your interests.Writing a persuasive essay using simple topics to write a persuasive essay on can often be one of the easiest ways to get a quality essay to submit to your professors. Even if you are not sure as to what you want to write about, you will be able to narrow down your options to those topics that you are most comfortable with.

Environmental Scan Paper - 1497 Words

Environmental Scan Paper MGT/498 December 10, 2014 Dr. Pamela Linden Environmental Scan Paper Environmental scanning plays a critical role in the strategic management planning process. The environmental scan provides important information, which may be useful in forecasting changes for the future. Environmental scanning is, â€Å"the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from the external and internal environments to key people within the organization.† (Wheelen and Hunger, Ch.4, Sec. 4.1) Managers scan the internal environment for strengths and weaknesses and the external environment for opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses can be found within the company structure, as well as the employee pool.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Last year, Starbucks opened 500 new stores in China, bringing the total to 1500.† (Forbes.com, 2014) Since their beginning 43 years ago, Starbucks has become the most well known coffee house in the United States. Their cups and signature green straws are well recognized by many as sign of a quality product at a premium price. Walmart was founded in 1962 with the opening of its first store in Rogers, Arkansas; with one goal in mind, â€Å"helping customers and communities save money and live better.† (Walmart.com, History, 2014) Internal factors Walmart must focus on for strategic planning include offering a full variety of products ensuring their customers can have a â€Å"one-stop† shopping experience versus needing to visit other stores to complete their lists. When Walmart first opened, the product line offered consisted of clothing, shoes, house hold items, and automotive services, just to name a few. The first Walmart Supercenter opened in Washington, MO in 1988, offering the one-stop shopping experience. â€Å"As the Walmart Supercenter redefined convenience and one-stop shopping, Every Day Low Prices went international.† (Walmart.com, History, 2014) Walmart spent much of the 1990’s decade focused on opening more locations globally, expanding into countries such as Mexico, Canada, and China. This move paid off for Walmart, as they reached its first $100 billion in sales. (Walmart.com, History, 2014) Some external factors Walmart must include in theirShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scan Paper1539 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper MGT/498 July 22, 2015 Environmental Scan Paper The evaluating, monitoring, and disseminating of information from internal and external environments to key people within the corporation is called environmental scanning. (Wheelen and Hunger. 2010) Environmental scanning helps an organization identify relevant factors and use those factors to obtain a competitive advantage within the environment. The author will discuss how an organization creates value and sustainsRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1272 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper There are internal and external elements that help a corporation determine their future. Environmental scanning monitors, evaluates, and disseminates the information from both the internal and external environments within the corporation. The internal and external elements are strategic factors that determine the corporation’s future. Environmental scanning can be conducted through a simple SWOT analysisRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan Paper Shalunda Lester MGT 498 May 2, 2015 Jerome Dausman Environmental Scan Paper Introduction The monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal environments is known as environmental scanning. This information goes to key people within the corporation to identify strategic factors and help determine the future of the corporation (Wheelen Hunger). SWOT analysis is the simplest way to conduct environmental scanning. TheRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1138 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper MGT/498 Environmental Scan Paper The business environment of an organization reveals much about its competitiveness and the possible influences on the success of its strategies. The focus of this paper will be an environmental scan of the internal and external environments of two real-world firms, their competitive advantages and company strategies for creating value and sustaining competitiveness, measurement guidelinesRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1535 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan Paper Christine Jennings MGT/498 Jacqueline Limonta November 17, 2014 Environmental Scan The concept of environmental scanning is important because of the short term and long term success of a company. This tool helps companies scan, monitor, evaluate, and forecast the internal and external parts of the company. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the internal and external variables of a company, the business managers would have to use a SWOT analysis to developRead MoreEthical and Environmental Scan Paper1850 Words   |  8 PagesEthical and Environmental Scan Paper: Enron, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft Ethics and the environmental responsibilities of companies tie directly into those of social responsibilities and occupy a very important position in both incorporating into strategic plans and the company’s value system. In this paper, the subject to describe is how the role of ethics and social responsibility is developed into a company’s strategic plan; this will enclose an example of how Enron initiated an oversteppingRead MoreMgt 498 Week 3 Environmental Scan Paper1112 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper Your Name MGT 498 Week 3 Instructor Name Date For any company to survive in the business environment, they must be accustomed toward any situation within the environment because of certain issues, perceptions, chances, and resources. These are such reasons every business must observe any applicable changes, which can occur within the environment and invent from existing policies to adjust toward variations. For any company to succeed the company will need to conquer theRead MoreMgt 498 Week 3 Environmental Scan Paper1099 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper Your Name MGT 498 Week 3 Instructor Name Date For any company to survive in the business environment, they must be accustomed toward any situation within the environment because of certain issues, perceptions, chances, and resources. These are such reasons every business must observe any applicable changes, which can occur within the environment and invent from existing policies to adjust toward variations. For any company to succeed the company will need to conquerRead MoreMGT/498 Week Three Individual Environmental Scan Paper1199 Words   |  5 Pages Environmental Scan Paper Craig Clark University Of Phoenix MGT/498 March 9, 2013 Environmental Scan Paper The environment of any organization consists of internal and external factors. An organization should conduct a scan of its environment in order for it to determine development, and a forecast on the factors that may influence the success of the organization. Scanning the environment refers to the possession and utilization of the information that an organization hasRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1153 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 498 Environmental Scan Paper MGT/498 Environmental Scan Paper Environmental scans play a crucial role in the strategic planning process by helping organizations take a look at their competitive advantages and identify ways to sustain the advantages. Wheelen and Hunger (2010) describes environmental scanning as â€Å"the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from external and internal environments

Essay on School Choice is the Future of Education

Current efforts to change schools fall into two general categories. The first embodies decentralization of administrative power to school sites, much akin to a popular movement to move many governmental social functions such as welfare to state and regional levels. The second is to create competition among school districts for students, a key tenet of the industrialized world that purports to deliver a greater range of products and services at a price the market will bear. When parents have the option of sending their children to more than one school, the term school choice is often applied. There are many factors involved in creating a good learning environment for children. There is little evidence that decentralization†¦show more content†¦Choice programs must be well planned. 2. Choice programs must have equitable admissions standards. 3. Choice programs must inform parents of the ramifications of their choices. 4. Choice programs must be but one part of the total reform process in education. 5. Choice programs must view the increasing racial diversity of America as a strength to build a world-class educational enterprise. 6. Choice programs must assure citizens of their rightful role in the governance and accountability of educational programs. 7. Experimental choice programs must begin collecting solid data and hard evidence that will demonstrate their success and failures so that the citizenry can learn from these experiments. The last point addresses a key element sought after by proponents of school choice--standards and accountability. Finn and Ravitch (1995) have argued that only clear and high standards for performance will ensure accountability, both to families making informed choices among schools and to whatever public body authorizes the school to operate. Only when such standards are in place and accompanied by good indication of performance can parents make informed choices among schools. In a market driven educational arena, schools that are competing for students are often open to performance inspection. Consider the following information available toShow MoreRelatedSchool Choice is the Future of Education Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesAs a proponent of school choice, I see it as one of the reform movements that has a real chance of changing education for the better here in the United States. School choice, if implemented correctly, would give parents and children the opportunity to choose the type of school that they feel best meets their educational needs. They would also be in a position to demand excellence in every way from that school. School choice is a much debated issue and has respected educators gathering on both sidesRead MoreEssay The Importance of Education in Todays Society1342 Words   |  6 Pages The value of education has changed over its course of decades. It use to be a privilege for a young adult to attend school and further their education, but today’s society has seemed to make education into more of a pride booster rather than a privilege. There are so many opportunities for some young adults to be able to go to college, but many do not pursue it. Grants, scholarships, housing assistance, online textbooks are some examples of ways to cut down the cost of schooling. Although many youngRead MoreSchool Choice For K 12 Students1539 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract School choice for K-12 students is still a controversial education reform topic. Choice programs for education include school vouchers, tax-credits scholarships, individual tax credit, and Education Savings Accounts (ESA), provide financial support to families who wish to access private schooling for their child (Wolf, 2016). There are now 61 private school choice programs in 30 states and the District of Columbia (Forster, 2016). Texas publicly funded school choices are limited to publicRead More Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay927 Words   |  4 Pagesget the best education possible for their children. As a result, more parents are turning from the public school systems to the private schools. This happens for several reasons. First, students that graduate from private schools tend to be better prepared for college. Second, private schools open up many opportunities to succeed in the business world. Last, the private schools allow the parents and the student to decide w hich school they feel will give the student the best education possible. OverallRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of A Student906 Words   |  4 PagesThe education we receive today holds the power to shape the individuals we will be in the future. Not only does our education aid our choices throughout school, but also the choices we make in our personal lives like where we choose to work and how we portray ourselves to society. Personally, I have enjoyed my educational experience. I have enjoyed learning new concepts and interacting with new people. Of course, there are obstacles along the way. However, these obstacles have given me the opportunityRead More Ecotopia vs. the United States: The Effects of Sustainable Education1547 Words   |  7 PagesSchool is a fundamental location for the child’s mind to grow and prosper and the child is able to socialize and adhere to the environment that he or she learns about. In addition to education, simply being a component withi n the institution also formulates our beliefs. Schools are a prime institution to learn about green education in which it will prepare students to be sustainable in the future. In Ernest Callenbach’s Ecotopia, the protagonist, Will, travels to an ecological utopia where he learnsRead MoreTeaching Teachers At The School System909 Words   |  4 PagesMuch like the larger corporations supporting choice program, teaching staff in many of these schools do not have a vested interest in students of color, let alone education. Teaching in some choice schools like the Rocketship program is based on little teacher-to-student focused attention, so there is not much of a need for a full staff of qualified educators. Teachers at choice schools are not required to be certified and their curriculum does not have to be approved by an outside entity (MolnarRead MoreFlaws In Modern Education1409 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is one of, if not the most vital part of life. However, as Davi d Kearns, the CEO for Xerox once said â€Å"Our large schools are organized like a factory of the late 19th century: top down, command control management, a system designed to stifle creativity and independent judgment.† This quote helps to highlight the many flaws in modern education, which include seeking to hinder the development of deep thoughts and character. The system of education present in modern day America was establishedRead MoreEssay On No Child Left Behind Act1010 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasured with a scale and inches are measured with a ruler, education is measured with an assessment. With the creation of the No Child Left Behind Act, students were evaluated via a single multiple choice test, chosen by the federal government. Not only did teachers learn to teach the test, but students also learned to memorize information rather than learning how to apply it. Math and reading test scores became the number one indicator of how schools were performing overall. Bec ause standardized testsRead MoreSeeing Education From A Perspective1287 Words   |  6 Pages Seeing education from another perspective. â€Å"Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare it for today† said Malcolm X. As we all know, education is the one of the key features for the development of any country. To obtain the versatile workers the government should take care for the education of student from an elementary pupil to college student. A majority of high developed countries aim to retain the ministry of education and educational

Edgar Allan Poe The Black Cat free essay sample

The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator, never being identified, states that he is sane. He goes on to say that he is kind and respects the fidelity of friendship. He claims he loves pets and likes to hang out with them. The pets in his house include birds, goldfish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and a cat. Pluto ,the cat, of all pets was the narrators favorite. The narrator has a lot of conscious and unconscious feelings that motivate him to behave as he does in the story. He does not really understand all of these motivations, his own behaviors, or the psychological basis for the reasoning of his actions. After reading further, there were many questions that arose in my mind. The most prevalent of all the questions were how much can be rationally explained? And are superstitions real? After reading the title the first thing that came to mind was the black cat superstition. Cats have always held a variety of notions among all cultures, especially a black cat. The majority of humans have always associated black cats with something bad or evil. I myself have always believed that the superstitions following black cats are Just a hoax believed by the naive. The story converts and is full of surprises and heinous crimes committed by the narrator when the narrator develops addiction to alcohol. At one point he referred to his addiction to alcohol as fiend intemperance, translating into demonic/wicked level of alcoholism. Due to the changes brought about in his disposition, by his new habit, his pets started to avoid and ignore him, and like most alcoholics I have seen nd heard about he started to abuse his wife and his marital life started to disintegrate. The fact that all his pets ignored and avoided him including his beloved cat made him so furious that he cut one of the cats eyes from the socket, which I believe made the cat seem betrayed, ergo the cat avoiding the narrator and eventually causing its death. Not long after that heinous crime he was unable to bear the burden of his so called docile and humane nature which had transformed him into an alcoholic abuser. To me because of his way of perverseness, he made the eviant choice of hanging his cat Pluto from a tree and killing him even though he knew it was wrong. I think the narrator is the person to blame for the events in the story. Without his actions nothing bad would have happened to his cat, his wife, or himself. Everything he did had a consequence. He was a drunk so he became violent. When he became violent he abused his animals and his wife. When he abused his wife and animals they distanced themselves from him. When they distanced themselves from him he became irritated and he became violent again. When he became violent again he continued to consume alcohol. When he continued to consume alcohol he commited the crime of murder, and so on and so forth. The narrators habit and perverseness were the cause of his destruction. On that very night his house burned to the ground, leaving him poor. The only things remaining were rubble and a solitary wall holding an image of a cat like creature similar to the recently murdered Pluto. He was unable to differentiate if this himself by putting together a story of what happened which was Upon the alarm of ire, the garden had been immediately filled by the crowd by someone of whom the animal must have been cut from the tree and thrown, through an open window, into my chamber. This had probably been done with the view of arousing me from sleep. The falling of other walls had compressed the victim of my cruelty into the substance of the freshly-spread plaster; the lime of which, had then with the flames, and the ammonia from the carcass, accomplished the portraiture as I saw it. Not to long after the murder of Pluto and his house burning down the narrator finds himself a second cat. Greatly similar to Pluto in almost every characteristic but a area with white fur around the chest. The Narrators wife also pointed out that the cat had been deprived of one eye. Again because of the constant reminder of what he had done to Pluto, the narrator seems to get agitated by the site of the new cat. He tries to kill the cat with his axe because he accidentally triped over it, but in this case, the wife stops him, now with almost a psychopathic mentality, the narrator buries the axe in his wifes brain and then proceeds to bury her inside the cellars wall. He nknowingly buries the second cat, whom is still alive, with dead wifes corpse. The police show up unexpectedly to the house to investigate the narrators wifes disappearance, and in a subtle way the narrator admits to his crime by bragging about how excellently well constructed his house is, and began tapping the portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of his wife. Soon there after was a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child, and then quickly swelling into one long, loud, and continuous scream. The police then ran to the wall and egan tolling away at it revealing the lifeless decaying body of the narrators wife, and the second cat sitting victoriously on its head. I do not believe that the cat was a supernatural being that caused the narrator to go mad. I think the things that happened that made the cat look supernatural such as the enlarged portrait of the cat being hung on the remaining wall of the narrators burned down house was Just a coinsedence. The narrator went mad because he was a paronoid alcoholic, he had psychological issues, and his feelings and behaviors about the things and people around him were not correct.

The Flea Essay Research Paper The Flea free essay sample

The Flea Essay, Research Paper The Flea by John Donne John Donne # 8217 ; s The Flea exhibits his metaphysical ability ; his aptitude for turning even the least likely images into luxuriant symbols of love and love affair. This verse form uses the image of a flea that has merely bitten the talker and his beloved to chalk out an amusive struggle over whether the two will prosecute in prenuptial sex. The talker tells his darling to look at the flea before them, and to observe # 8220 ; how small # 8221 ; is that thing which she denies him. He says that the flea foremost sucked his blood and so hers, so now our two bloods mingled be. It used to be thought that sex mingled the blood of the two lovers, and since the flea has done that, there is no demand to forbear from intercourse any longer. The flea swells with one blood made of two, and this, alas, is more than we would make. We will write a custom essay sample on The Flea Essay Research Paper The Flea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the flea, he says, has sucked foremost his blood, so her blood, so that now, inside the flea, they are mingled ; and that mixing can non be called # 8220 ; wickedness, or shame, or loss of maidenhead. # 8221 ; As his darling moves to kill the flea, he asks her to save the three lives in the flea: his life, her life, and the flea # 8217 ; s ain life. In the flea, he says, where their blood is mingled, they are more than mom rried. The flea is their matrimony bed and matrimony temple mixed into one. Though their parents grudge their love affair, and though she will non do love to him, they are however united in the life walls of the flea. If she were to kill the flea she would be perpetrating three wickednesss. She would perpetrate self-destruction, slaying her lover, and commit profanation by symbolically killing their matrimony. # 8220 ; Cruel and sudden, # 8221 ; the talker calls his lover, who has now killed the flea, # 8220 ; purpling # 8221 ; her fingernail with the # 8220 ; blood of innocence. # 8221 ; The talker asks his lover what the flea # 8217 ; s wickedness was, other than holding sucked from each of them a bead of blood. His lover so says to him that nil bad happened when she killed the flea, that his frights were false. It is true, he says, and it is this really fact that proves that her frights are besides faithlessly. If she were to kip with him ( # 8221 ; output to me # 8221 ; ) , she would lose no more award than she lost when she killed the flea. Donne uses his endowment at utilizing something like a flea and turning that into a matrimony bed and matrimony temple where their blood mingles as one. He is able to bring forth a fantastic seduction verse form that tells a whole narrative of a adult male imploring to do love to his lover in such a manner that one usually would non believe of.

Blaming Society in William Blakes Essay Example

Blaming Society in William Blakes Essay Example Blaming Society in William Blakes Paper Blaming Society in William Blakes Paper Chimney Sweeper tries to tell story of a boy that is affected by poverty and corruption. Through Songs of Innocence, Blake makes the world know about the situation of children In his time working as chimney sweepers. Through the eyes of children, the speaker asserts that they can be set free from the evils of society through hope, Joy, and cheer that every child has towards God. The speaker is against society, government, and family who give children so much pain ND force them to work as slaves. Blake expresses his feelings in the Songs of Innocence by showing sympathy towards innocent children that are treated with cruelty. Society exploits, abuses and takes advantage of the children. The Songs of Innocence shows how society, specifically the father, the church and the chimney sweeping industry is to blame for the boys unhealthy condition and how the boy describes how pain and sorrow are part of his everyday life. In the first stanza of the Songs of Innocence, the speaker makes a statement on the boys painful situation cause he Is not with his parents. It is sad and heartbreaking for that boy, who at a young age, Instead of being with parents enjoying life Is emotionally challenged with a number of factors Like getting sold away by his father and family, poverty, and he could not even speak and death of his mother. The speaker expresses his feeling for boy in earlier lines of the poem: When my mother died I was very young / And my father sold me While yet my tongue (1-2). The speaker blames the boys father who sold his son to earn some money and now this injured child from the heart replies to his evil and cruel father with tears in his eyes, who cleans chimney in soot and dust and also not given a proper place to sleep: Could scarcely cry Weep! Weep! Weep! Weep! / So your chimneys I sweep ; in soot I sleep (3-4). The speaker attacks the father of a child who is the reason for child labor spreading in his country. Through the first stanza the speaker shows the reader an awful situation In which to get out of the poverty. The father of that child chooses a path In which money Is more vital than an Innocent childs happiness and freedom. The speaker affects the reader deeply by taking them to the world of beliefs that Is spread by the church among the people. Tom Daycare (5) is the victim of one of the religious beliefs that curly hair decreases the energy of the child and Tom has curly hair. Toms hair is shaved (6), so that he could work with full energy. The speaker tries to use the word lamb (6), from the second stanza to describe Toms hair shape. This religious practice makes Tom go through a lot of emotional pain because Tom loved his curly air and every tear from his eyes shows that the church has no mercy on child like Tom: Theres little Tom Daycare, who cried when his head (5). The speaker shows the love towards the Boy who is in tears. And tries to give comfort to that child by making him understand that Its good to have no hair, because when you sleep In soot (8), your white hair (8), Is going to get black and full of dust: Hush, Tom! Never mind It, for when your heads bare, / You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair (8). In tons second stanza speaker gives example AT concur oppression on weak canny Tom. Such practices from church are sinful and hurting innocent child like Tom with a belief of shaving the head leads to the question strike in the mind of the speaker. The speaker says the children are a gift from the God (20). And the church is the house of the god where people come and pray for their happiness. That happiness is turn down by the church through going against god and giving pain to that gift where even god is unhappy with such practices by the church. In the last stanza of the Songs of Innocence, Tom wakes up in the morning with a same old work of sweeping chimney. This time Tom is happy and feeling warmth in his body because he has words from an Angel (19). That if all duties are performed on time his friends and he will not need to worry about fear from the rich in the society. The rich exploits poor condition because they use child for labor work: And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark / And got with our bags our brushes to work / Though the morning as cold, Tom was happy warm; / So if all do their duties, they need not fear harm (21-24). However, the speaker gives knowledge to the reader by showing the innocence of a child in the way of trusting God and hope that God will give him the love of the father and freedom. In the reality Tom was unaware of the situation. Even the prayer of rescue is not enough to get away from the evil practices of rich society. The speaker in the Songs of Innocence tries to portray indictment on his society for giving harsh working condition to the young children. The Speaker entreats a feeling of blame in the reader by connecting Toms nightmare with allegations of societys unfaithfulness of these very young children. William Blake accuses the father for putting his child into the hands of the labor industry for chimney sweeping by using word like your from the first stanza in the line so your chimney I sweep (4). It is even more disappointing that these poor children have no helping hand of the Church; instead the speaker claims that Church supported and encouraged the labor industry and the father for giving more oppressive conditions to these young children lives.

Trade Union Negotiation and Strikes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trade Union Negotiation and Strikes - Essay Example While the trade negotiations can be, and often are, filled with emotional hot buttons for both parties, game theory gives the parties tools to use to evaluate their prospective positions, and weigh the possible outcomes of their negotiations, and hence arrive at an agreement which is mutually beneficial for all parties, a win - win situation if you will. Too often, trade negotiations can devolve into a win-loose argument, in which the management is seen as taking from the unions in order to gain for itself, or vice versa. When the trade talks head in this direction, the parties seldom are able to make positive progress toward goals which can benefit both management and labor. Only be reaching toward a cooperative agreement can they create a positive work environment, and a financially healthy company. To understand how game theory benefits labor negotiations, one must first understand the five elements of game theory The game theory is defined as an interaction between a number of parties in which the following five elements are present. 1. The players: there are a defined number of players with defined roles. Game theory must identify how many players there, and whether or not natural elements outside the persons play a role, or if chance can play a role in the decisions. 2. The conditions or roles of the players: The players must be understood, along with their possible decisions. In other words there should be a minimal number of known decisions which the parties can undertake in order to apply game theory. 3. Information: the information which the players have with which to make decisions should be known. In other words, all the variables in the negotiations must be known in order to assist the parties using game theory. 4. Payoff Consequences: the parties must know what the course of their decisions will produce. Parties must know and understand what will be the consequences of choosing A or B or C in the negotiations. 5. Player preferences: Finally, a thorough knowledge of the preferences which the players would like to pursue should also be on the table. (see Duffy, 2003) When these 5 elements are known by the participants in the trade negotiations, then game theory can help them move toward effective resolution of their issues, as well has help them understand the payoff and the costs of their respective decisions. Game theory is often called a means for making moral decisions. The theory seeks to find a solution which works toward the benefit of the greatest number of people, maximizing all parties return. Thus, the theory's outcome has been compared to morality in decisions making. However, one way to undermine the effectiveness of this theory is for parties to come to the table with the assumption that their particular perspective or their desired outcome is the moral high ground. This assumption by one of the parties is a sure path toward defeating the effectiveness of game theory. According to Hardin (1988, 2003, negotiators should be wary of moral theorists that claim universality for their

Buiness Communication - Chariman's Statement Essay

Buiness Communication - Chariman's Statement - Essay Example Background Information Apple is a company that has a long history from the time it was started in the year 1977 to its current position in the market. All through the company has endeavoured to bring the best user experience to its customer through innovative products and services. Apple Inc provides hardware, software, services and internet services in the industry to satisfy their esteemed customer and to develop an effective IT front which is necessary in the development of the world economy. The company sells both manufactured products as well as third party goods. The organizational progressive growth for the last five years is a result of our committed customers and we expect to maintain this mutual relationship in the long term. Business Strategy Innovation has been a core competency strategy for Apple Inc. From the time when the Mac-OS developed its desktop hardware, the organization has strived to meet the demands of a dynamic IT industry. The organization has successfully d eployed recent competent hardware requirements in the industry. The iPad tablet series have formed part of its innovation scheme that has continuously improved portability, efficiency, hardware capacity and seamless technology that demanded in the industry today. The organization has ventured into research to develop it to gather the consumer tastes and to develop products that satisfy the consumers. The organization allocated $1.8 billion towards research in the year 2010 as part of its strategy to satisfy its customers through research driven innovative products and services. Effective leadership and teamwork has assisted the organization to successfully deploy this strategy. Products and Services The organization seeks to satisfy the market with modern IT hardware requirements that are up to the technology demanded in the market environment. The iPhone, iPod, iPad, Mac-computers and Apple TV have formed part of the organizations focus on the digital hardware in the market environ ment. In addition, the organization has developed its personal software products to satisfy the unique hardware requirements of its hardware products. The IOS and Mac OS have formed part of the operating system for the organization's products. On the other hand, the company has provided application software such iLife and iWork which are integrated in the Mac-OS are professional suites that are critical in driving business operations. Apple’s customer focus includes majorly the education sector, the enterprise, government and creative market environments. Market and Logistics Apple continues to enjoy a global customer loyalty that is reflected in our business turnover for the year ended 2010. In general, the organization reported an improvement in its sales over the last five years and the project is expected to be reflected in the coming years. The company is targeting more customers each year to ensure that it remains profitable in the long term. The competition in the mark et has become stiff with more organization pushing their business to international levels. Nokia in the mobile industry and Microsoft in the software industry have posed a tough competition for Apple. Research and Development The management team at Apple has future prospects to expand its business operation internationally and still

Ideaistic versus materialistic motivations Essay Example for Free

Ideaistic versus materialistic motivations Essay Behind every great society, there is always a story. Today, the nation of America is referred to as God’s own land. With population of approximately 293,500,000 and land mass of GDP of approximately $10. 98 trillion per year, the country commands the respect of many of its fellow nations. The question that readily comes to heart is that; has this always been so? What we see in the nation of America today did not just start in a day. It was a process – one that was filled with patriotism from dedicated hearts. In fact, the wonderful story we hear of the great nation all started from the period called the American Revolution of 1775 when the then thirteen colonies of America gain independence from the British colonial power. Many people have from different schools of thought hold different views about this revolution. Some are of the idea that the revolution was based on the mere idealistic and scholarly works of some philosophers and sages of that time. On the other hand, some are of the opinion that these seeming patriots were merely motivated by their materialistic class interest. To this, I will say both sides have a point. I state the reason for my assertion in the following paragraph. Evidently, ideological belief in the notion of individual liberty and human equality was part of what motivated the revolution. This can be seen in the works of John Locke and Montesquieu. We can also see this in the declaration of independence. On the other hand, looking at it critically, some patriots of this revolution knew that the independence will bring political position to them. Some of the we motivated by the savour of power and authority that will be passed into their hands However, I think that no matter what the motivation was, it was a good fight. Generations to come will forever be grateful to them that they did and their name will be in the sand of time. Reference: Fleming, T. (1997). Liberty! : The American Revolution. New York: Viking.

Helena Blavatsky :: Ukraine Biographies Writers Authors Essays

Helena Blavatsky Helena Blavatsky was an intriguing woman from the country of Ukraine. She could be considered a nomad for her time; however, she was not interested in finding food and shelter. Helena wanted to find those who were considered spiritualists like herself. She lived from 1831-1891 and can be considered a very influential woman from her era. Helena Petrovna Blavatsky was born August 12, 1831 in Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. Her father was Colonel Peter von Hahn and her mother was Helena Andreyevna von Hahn. Colonel von Hahn was a military man fighting in Poland when Helena was born. Her mother, often hurt by her husband’s absence and wrote about the turmoil of being a woman in her time. She published 8 novels by the time she faced an untimely death at the age of 27 as a highly regarded novelist. Helena’s mother knew from the time she was born that she was no average child. (3, 4, 5, 6) When Helena was born she was very weak and the people around doubted she would even live. Therefore, before the baby was even 24 hours old a baptism was held. Helena’s aunt, a young child, was asked to stand in as a godmother. During the ceremony, the child became restless and knocked over a candle without anyone noticing. The priest performing the baptism suffered severe burns when his robe caught fire. The people at Helena’s baptism saw this as a sign. She was nicknamed Lyola because her grandparents and servants thought she had powers. (6) As a child, she had great passion for magic and the unknown. She was often found playing by the river in Ekaterinoslav. She said she was playing with the russalkas whom were green haired nymphs thought to haunt the riverbanks. When servants and other children bothered her, she threatened to have the russalkas tickle them to death. (2) While Helena, her mother, sister, and brother traveled a lot due to her father’s military position, Helena was always happiest playing with the servants’ children and not the children of her rank and aristocracy.

The Psychological Effects Cults Have on People

This paper will address the meaning of the word cult. While also touching briefly on why its difficult to describe what a cult is and how it could be compared to Christianity and Jews. I also give some examples of people who started groups/cults with the art of persuasion; Leading some of their member to even commit murders and suicide. Finally by the end paper one would fully understand the roles cults play in the physiological process of a person. For many years, cult leaders always had a psychological hold on their followers' minds. Whether it was to kill other people or to kill themselves, they did it without question. Some cult leaders used fear, violence and guilt as a means of a weapon to control the minds of their followers. Other cult leaders used persuasive and spiritual speeches that made their followers believe they were doing good and fulfilling God's plan. Because cult leaders are powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldn't normally do in their right state of mind. For years, there have been problems surrounding the definition of the term ‘cult'. The literal and traditional meanings of the word cult, which are more fully explored at the entry Cult (religion), come from the Latin cultus, meaning â€Å"care† or â€Å"adoration,† as â€Å"a system of religious belief or ritual; or: the body of adherents to same. † In French or Spanish, culte or culto simply means â€Å"worship† or â€Å"religious attendance†; therefore an association cultuelle is an association whose goal is to organize religious worship and practices. The word for â€Å"cult† in the popular English meaning is secte (French) or ecta (Spanish). In formal English use, and in non-English European terms, the cognates of the English word â€Å"cult† are neutral, and refer mainly to divisions within a single faith, a case where English speakers might use the word â€Å"sect†. Hence Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Pro testantism are cults within Christianity. However, in common usage, â€Å"cult† has a very negative connotation, and is generally applied to a group in order to criticize it. Understandably, most groups, if not all, that are called â€Å"cults† deny this term. Some groups called â€Å"cults† by some critics may consider themselves not to be â€Å"cults†, but may consider some other groups to be â€Å"cults†. Although anti-cult activists and scholars did not agree on precise criteria that new religions should meet to be considered â€Å"cults,† two of the definitions formulated by anti-cult activists are: Cults are groups that often exploit members psychologically and/or financially, typically by making members comply with leadership's demands through certain types of psychological manipulation, popularly called mind control, and through the inculcation of deep-seated anxious dependency on the group and its leaders. Cult: A group or movement exhibiting a great or excessive devotion or dedication to some person, idea, or thing and employing unethically manipulative techniques of persuasion and control designed to advance the goals of the group's leaders to the actual or possible detriment of members, their families, or the community. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines cult as: â€Å"a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious; also: its body of adherents. Indeed, any religion involving unconditional worship and unquestioning obedience to God could be labeled as a cult (using the derogatory suggestion of the word), since such a religion would have that high level of dependency, obedience, and unwavering compliance ascribed to cults by definition. Many mainstream religions still require their members to believe in God unquestioningly, to have faith that he is good and that what he does is good, to consider one's own wants and needs as unimportant while accepting the will of God as par amount. All of these are certainly characteristics commonly attributed to cults, but while it would not be unreasonable to apply this definition of a cult to any dogmatic religion that requires strict compliance with God's word and will as a condition of membership, the notion of applying the word â€Å"cult† to Christianity, Islam, Judaism, or any other major world religion today is considered absurd. There are those who make this very claim: that those who worship God fit the classic depiction of cult members in their dogmatism, unswerving obedience, and denial of self. This highlights the problematic nature of defining what is and is not a cult. The problem with defining the word cult is that purported cult members generally resist being called a cult, and the word cult is often used to marginalize religious groups with which one does not agree or sympathize. Some serious researchers of religion and sociology prefer to use terms such as new religious movement (NRM) in their research on cults. Such usage may lead to confusion because some religious movements are â€Å"new† but not necessarily cults, and some purported cults are not religious or overtly religious. Where a cult practices physical or mental abuse, some psychologists and other mental health professionals use the terms cult, abusive cult, or destructive cult. The popular press also commonly uses these terms. However, not all cults function abusively or destructively, and among those that psychologists believe are abusive, few members would agree that they suffer abuse. Other researchers hold the view that classifying a religious movement as a cult is generally used as a subjective and negative label and has no added value; instead, they argue that one should investigate the beliefs and practices of the religious movement. The field of cults and new religious movements is studied by sociologists, religious scholars, and psychologists and psychiatrists. The debates about a certain purported cult and cults in general are often polarized with widely divergent opinions, not only among current followers of a purported cult and disaffected former members, but sometimes even among scholars and social scientists. Psychologists, among them those specialized in group psychology, studied what cognitive and emotional traits make people accept to join a cult and to stay loyal to it. Some groups, particularly those labeled by others as cults, view the designation as insensitive, and feel persecuted by their opponents whom they often believe to be part of the â€Å"anti-cult movement†. Such groups often defend their position by comparing themselves to more established, mainstream religious groups such as Catholicism and Judaism. The argument offered in this case can usually be simplified as, â€Å"Christianity and Judaism can also be defined as cults under some definitions of the term, and therefore the term cult is superfluous and useless. Members of groups referred to as cults have been known to engage in long discussions over the definition of the word â€Å"cult. † Critics of alleged cult groups state that by doing so, these persons have been known to waste large amounts of time and effort that would be better spent examining the actions of the groups in question, in order to reveal why these groups are referred to as cults. Another problem with writing about cults comes about because they generally hold belief systems that give answers to questions about the meaning of life and morality. This makes it difficult not to write in biased terms about a certain cult, because writers are rarely neutral about these questions. Some writers who deal with the subject choose to explicitly state their ethical values and belief systems to deal with this difficulty. For many scholars and professional commentators, the usage of the word â€Å"cult† applies to abusive behavior, and not to a belief system. For members of competing religions, use of the word remains pejorative and applies primarily to rival beliefs, and only incidentally to behavior. In the sociology of religion, the term cult is a part of the subdivision of religious groups into sects, cults, and denominations. In these terms, it is a neutral term, referring to a religious movement with novel beliefs and a high degree of tension with the surrounding society. Cults, in this sense, may or may not be dangerous, abusive, etc. By this definition, most of the groups which have been popularly labeled cults are indeed cults. In some cults people don't join them, they are recruited by the cults. Philip Zimbardo explains, â€Å"People join interesting groups that promise to fulfill their pressing needs. They become cults when they are seen as deceptive, defective, dangerous, or as opposing basic values of their society† (Zimbardo 212). The fact is, the recruitment techniques that cults employ are quite effective. Cults obviously want to be successful, so they seek to recruit the most capable people who can effectively serve them. Many cult members are doctors, lawyers, professors, and high profile celebrities responsible citizens. This is why some cults have survived for decades and functioned efficiently despite a high turnover rate, public disapproval and angry parents. People often believe cult members must have been neglected by their families. But this conclusion is in sharp contrast to the actions taken by many concerned families who will devote their money and time in intervention efforts to bring their children out of such groups and home again. Zimbardo urges people not to stereotype cult members. Rather than asking â€Å"What kind of people join cults? he suggests we should instead ask, â€Å"What was so appealing about this group that so many people were recruited/seduced into joining it voluntarily? What needs did the group fulfill that were not met by ‘traditional society? ‘† (Zimbardo 126). It is also important to note that cults make many promises to potential recruits in the initial phases of induction–it is often not until months or years later that the recruit reali zes that these promises were ploys to gain their compliance. However, by that time, the member is already submerged in the group and likely in submission to and under the undue influence of its leadership. Since at least the 1940s, the approach of orthodox or conservative or fundamentalist Christians was to apply the meaning of cult such that it included those religious groups who used (possibly exclusively) non-standard translations of the Bible, put additional revelation on a similar or higher level than the Bible or had practices deviant from those of traditional Christianity. These unorthodox groups can be rather large or small. Understandably, these groups deny that they are cults. By 1967, Charles Manson had spent most of his adult life in jail, mostly for such offenses as car theft and credit card fraud. He also worked some time as a pimp. He gathered a group of followers, which he referred to as the Family, a group bound together by fanatical loyalty to Manson, and an abolishment of all moral precepts. He soon afterwards moved to Los Angeles, at first basing himself and the Family in Pacific Palisades and then taking over an unused ranch in the western San Fernando Valley formerly used to make western movies, the Spahn Ranch. Inspired by the Beatles song â€Å"Helter Skelter† and other songs off the White Album he became convinced of an impending race war and nuclear attack, based on Biblical prophecy in the Book of Revelation. He implied to his followers that he was Jesus Christ, saying he had died before, some 2000 years ago. However when asked directly in court he said, â€Å"I may have implied on several occasions to several different people that I may have been Jesus Christ, but I haven't decided yet what I am or who I am. (Bugliosi 341) Around the time the family was formed, he is said to have begun calling himself by a slightly different name, Charles Milles Manson (his real name was â€Å"Charles Willis Manson†), allegedly because it could be read symbolically as â€Å"Charles Will Is Man's Son†. Although only a few members of the Family came to national attention, the Family itself seems to have been quite a significant size, estimates of up to 100 people (of varying degrees of involvement) associated with the Family have been quoted beyond the â€Å"hard core† of around 30. On the night of August 9, 1969, Manson directed some members of the Family to commit murder. These were Charles â€Å"Tex† Watson, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Susan Atkins, at or around midnight entered the home of actress Sharon Tate, wife of director Roman Polanski, who was eight months pregnant, and murdered her along with friend, Hollywood hairstylist Jay Sebring, and house guests Abigail Folger, the coffee heiress, and her lover Voytek Frykowski. Before entering the house, they had shot to death Steven Parent, an 18 year old youth who was leaving the property and had unwittingly seen the intruders. Linda Kasabian was the look-out and driver, and later received immunity for submitting evidence against the group. She told Manson, â€Å"I'm not like you, I can't kill anybody†(Bugliosi 312) and evinced shock and horror at finally seeing the pictures of the killings in court. The victims had been stabbed ferociously many dozens of times, and words were left on the walls in their blood. The following night in the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California, businessman Leno LaBianca and his wife Rosemary LaBianca were also murdered in their home, once again by members of the Family. On this occasion, Manson apparently went along to â€Å"show them how to do it† with less tumult, and pacified the victims, tying them up before returning to the car to tell his followers to commit the murders. There was no apparent connection between the victims of the murders, but the crimes were prosecuted by Los Angeles assistant district attorney Vincent Bugliosi in a single trial. Members of the Manson Family had previously been responsible for the murder of Gary Hinman, a music teacher, in Topanga and were suspected of other murders. They claimed a total of some 35 killings, not counting those after the trial, of which several were considered likely or plausible, but were not tried on most of these either for lack of evidence, or because the perpetrators were already sentenced to life for the Tate/La Bianca killings. It begins with the Beatles, and with the Beatles' celebrated White Album that came out in 1968. In it, while tripping on acid, Manson heard the message that put it all together for him. There would be a war between blacks and whites; whites would lose. Manson and his followers would hide out in the desert when the slaughter took place. When it was over they would emerge from their hiding places and somehow convince the blacks that they should be made the leaders of this new world. He got all this not just from the Beatles but also from the Bible. Perhaps his most fascinating connection was to put side by side the Beatles song â€Å"Revolution 9† with Revelations 9 from the Bible. Revelations, the final book of the New Testament, has always been the favorite of mystics because its wild apocalyptic imagery is so bluntly addressed not to the literal but to symbolic consciousness. For those who read scripture not as a moral code of social behavior nor as a literal history book but as a symbolic rendering of a reality out of time and out of mind, the book of Revelations is the proof text. In the book Helter Skelter, Susan Atkins is quoted in saying â€Å"The whole thing was done to instill fear in the establishment and cause paranoia. Also to show the black man how to takeover the white man. † When asked to describe the start of Helter Skelter, she defined it as â€Å"The last war on the face of the earth. It would be all the wars that have ever been fought built one on top of the other†(293). To Manson, Judgment Day, Armageddon, and Helter Skelter were one and the same, a racial holocaust which would see the black man emerge triumphant. David Berkowitz became known as the ‘Son of Sam' after taunting letters from him to police investigating the case were published in newspapers. At a court in Brooklyn, New York, Berkowitz admitted all the killings which in 1977 had residents of three New York boroughs living in fear. He also admitted wounding seven people before he was arrested in August 1977. Berkowitz, who acquired his proficiency with guns through a three-year stint in the US army, said he had no motive other than â€Å"excitement† for carrying out the shootings. However, the Son of Sam nickname was adopted after Berkowitz used the term to describe himself in an anonymous letter to police in April 1977. The first killing attributed to Son of Sam occurred in July 1976 when 18-year-old Donna Lauria was shot as she sat in a car with a friend in the Bronx district of New York. However police did not realize there was a serial killer on the loose until another two people had been murdered and several more injured. The link was not made until March 1977 when it was found the gun used to kill Ms Lauria had also been used in the fatal shooting of 19-year-old Virginia Voskerichian. The press initially dubbed Berkowitz â€Å"the . 44 Killer† after the calibre of gun he used. â€Å"Unlike a number of other high profile criminals, Berkowitz kept to him self†(Terry xiv) He was eventually captured after being linked to the scene of the final killing through a parking ticket issued when he left his car parked illegally. Berkowitz quickly confessed and claimed he was ordered to kill by a neighbor's dog. He also admitted to being behind the unsolved stabbings of several women, all of whom survived. In June 1978 David Berkowitz was sentenced to 365 years in jail. Over the years Berkowitz has hinted he did not work alone. Conspiracy theorists believe Berkowitz was part of a satanic cult and that others were involved in the shootings. â€Å"The group's main goals were power, greed and terrorism. It is the embodiment of organized evil†(Terry xii). They also believe that the members in this satanic cult did not also work with Berkowitz, but also worked with Charles Manson and had been part of ‘the Family. The Peoples Temple was a cult that is best known for a mass suicide at Jonestown, Guyana, on November 18, 1978. The Temple was founded in 1953, at Indianapolis, Indiana, by Reverend Jim Jones. In Indianapolis, and at the California cities of Ukiah, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, where Jones extended new branches of his church, they earned a good reputation for aiding the ci ties' poorest citizens, especially racial minorities, drug addicts, and the homeless. Soup kitchens, daycare centers, and medical clinics for elderly people were set up, along with counseling programs for prostitutes and drug addicts who wanted to change their lives. Then disturbing accounts began to spring up, told by a few people who had succeeded in leaving the cult. â€Å"Jones has a power that operates on fear, guilt and extreme fatigue. While we were in it we did many strange things. We signed over all of our property. We wrote and signed false, self-incriminating statements. We had to admit that we were homosexuals and that we molested our children. We had to participate in painful punishments for such minor things as forgetting to call Jones â€Å"Father,† forgetting to pay a bill, or for giving a piece of candy to a child. Some of the punishments were beatings, humiliations and medications that made people appear to die (later to be resurrected by Jones). The beatings were intensely brutal. Many times the beatings would be done on children four and five years old. The board they used was three-quarter of an inch thick and about two and a half feet long. Children were beaten the number of times decided by Pastor Jones, often as many as 150 times. During the beating, Jim Jones would demand that a microphone be held to the child's mouth so that the audience could hear the groans of pain. The microphone was unnecessary as the screams could be heard throughout the whole building. After the beating the child or adult would be held up and forced to say, â€Å"Thank You, Father. † If they didn't say this, they would be beaten again. We were so frightened of him and his power that we would have sworn to anything he asked. We believed that he would always take care of us and would never harm us, even though we witnessed daily atrocities that should have convinced us otherwise. It is impossible to explain the effect of his brainwashing. We do know that it took months after we left to be able to think and act as normal, reasonable people†(Mills 13). Jones was stealing from his followers, faked the miracle healings, was punishing the members severely, practicing sodomy with male members, and now considered himself the new Messiah. By now, journalists, law enforcement officials, and politicians were showing interest in Jones' group. Jim Jones reacted with frequent long and angry speeches, where he claimed that the defectors lied, and the outside world was trying to destroy them. At the time, more former members told of beatings and abuse within the People's Temple, and relatives of members insisted that members were being forced to remain there against their will. Jones reacted by moving his church, over 800 followers, to Guyana. The followers were promised a tropical paradise, free from the wickedness of the outside world, but when they arrived, they were forced to work by Jones' orders, and together they built Jonestown. In November 1978, the cult was visited by Leo Ryan, a United States Congressman, who was investigating claims of abuse. A number of Temple members expressed a desire to leave along with the Congressman, and the entire group went to the local airstrip. Temple security guards fired on the group, killing Congressman Ryan, three journalists, and a Temple member who wanted to leave. The shootings were captured on film by one of the journalists who died in the attack. Later that day, Jones ordered his congregation to drink a cyanide-laced soft drink in the Jonestown mass suicide. Those who resisted were shot, strangled or injected with cyanide. Jones was found with a shot wound in his head. Upon investigation his body contained high doses of drugs. In all, 914 people died. Mind control theories are based on the premise that an outside source can control an individual's thinking, behavior or consciousness. Such theories have ethical and legal implications. The mind control theories as applied to membership in new religious movents assumes that no one would join such a group if he knew what he was getting into. In Helter Skelter, Bugliosi states about Manson's control over his ‘family' â€Å"A domination so complete, that they would do anything he told them to do. Including murder. Getting this evidence was especially difficult because Manson rarely gave direct orders. Usually, he'd suggest, rather than command, though his suggestions had the force of commands†(287). The recruit is not to be held responsible for his actions, since he was â€Å"under control†. Neither scientists nor sociologists generally consider this model a viable theory. Theories vary as to the degree of control attained and the methods used to attain it (either direct or more subtle). When these methods are used forcibly on captives, most sources refer to it as â€Å"brainwashing† Although to their followers, Reverend Jim Jones and Charles Manson were all messianic and each possessed the uncommon ability to totally control and dominate the lives of those who believed in them. Clearly, many influences from the outside world influence people's minds, such as advertising, media manipulation, and propaganda. Politics plays a role in the forming of cults. Charles Manson had a hatred towards police. In Helter Skelter, Manson states â€Å"I have x'd myself from your world. You have created the monster. I am not of you, from you, nor do I condone your unjust attitude toward things, animals, and people that you do not try to understand. I stand opposed to what you do and have done in the past. You make fun of God and have murdered the world in the name of Jesus Christ. My faith in me is stronger than all of your armies, governments, gas chambers or anything you may want to do to me. I know what I have done. Your courtroom is man's game. Love is my judge†(Bugliosi 412). His hatred was directed towards them because he believed that they were the ones that created him into a monster. Therefore, cult leaders are powerful through psychological offenses, the people that belong to their cults are brainwashed into doing things they wouldn't normally do in their right state of mind. Cult leaders used various ways of molding a follower's mind and brainwashing them to do things for them. Some cult leaders used punishments as a way of breaking the follower's that were resistant to their demands. Others used and perfected the art of persuasion. Either way, the mind of their followers or ‘family' are in total control of the leader.

The Film More Than A Month - 996 Words

In the film More Than a Month by filmmaker Shukree Hassan Tilghman, Tilghman argues that we should end Black History Month for once and for all. In this film he attempts to demonstrate the truth about BHM and examine what might happen if BHM no longer existed. Tilghman argues that â€Å"Black History is American History†, and he believes that the only solution to this problem is to end BHM and incorporate it all year around. So the question is: should we end Black History Month? This is an extremely controversial question which has been asked all over the world for many years. Everyone has their own opinion and beliefs about whether to end BHM or not, but there isn’t a correct answer. As decades have passed there have been many issues that involve BHM. For example, BHM no longer has the same meaning that Carter G. Woodson intended for it when he created it in 1926. 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