Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Chest

continuing Expanding Hematoma in the titA case of inveterate expanding haematoma presenting as a huge pile in the chestAbstract A 42-year-old man presented with a huge mass in the chest. The disease was recognized as a complain of chest injure and was successfully resected by surgery. He had a archives of muffle chest injury 25 years ago. Magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging demonstrated a mosaic regulation of various signal intensities. In cases of an intra pectoral mass with this imaging feature, with combined a past history of blunt chest injury, we should consider the reality of a chronic expanding haematoma.KeywordsHematoma thoracic tumor chest injury diagnosisIntroductionChronic expanding hematoma in the chest is a elevated condition that often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tuberculous pleuritis (1-4). In general, hematomas are naturally reabsorbed and rarely cause serious problems. thoracic hematomas that develop s paltryly without symptoms until the mass compresses other organs are often difficult to early detection. functional removal is the first treatment for thoracic hematomas, but it is not easy to achieve a drop resection because of the presence of a dense fibrous adhesion to adjacent tissues (3-5). Herein, we desc ribe a longanimous, with a history of blunt chest injury 25 years ago, who exhibited a huge chronic expanding hematoma in the chest treated by surgical resection successfully.Case reportA 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital kvetch of chest dull pain. He did not have any other symptoms and had no history of thoracic operation or pulmonary disorders including tuberculosis. Twenty-five years earlier, at the age of 17, the patient had a blunt chest injury after a fight for which he did not seek medical help. He was a heavy smoker for 26 years. Physical and lab examination revealed no positive findings. Chest X-ray revealed a huge mass shadow in the anterior mediastinum, with some pleural en largement in the left pleural cavity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge intrathoracic mass (10.2cm13.3cm17.9cm) with a tissue concentration adhered to the left pericardium ( predict 1). Calcification was not detected in the mass. Left pleural cavity had a reserve pleural effusion. The tissue content in the mass was not obvious enhanced following contrast administration. T2-weighted charismatic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed the mass containing various signal intensities, just like a mosaic formula ( construe 2). Diagnostic thoracocentesis of the left pleural effusion was performed, but cytological examination showed only erythrocytes with a few inflammatory cells.Although we could not reach a conclusive diagnosis, our preoperative diagnoses were benign or low malignant tumors including teratoma, chronic empyema and aneurismal bone cyst. In addition, the probability of complete resection of the lesion is higher than incomplete resection ground on the preoperative imaging evaluation. So a surgical resection of the lesion was decided. A left posterolateral thoracotomy along the fifth intercostal space with combined a cut off of the 5th and 6th posterior rib was performed for the purpose of obtaining a wide operative field. The mass which located in the left anterior mediastinu had a thickened and hard capsule, and was completely adhered to thymus, pericardium and part of velocity lobe of left lung. Diaphragm just had a cracked adhesion to the mass. Completely resection of the huge mass was achieved, including most thymus, most left parietal pericardium and partial upper lobe of left lung. The total operation time was 140 minutes and the total source loss was 250 ml. seeable observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissues (Figure 3). Pathological examination showed that the mass was an old hematoma surrounded by dense fibrous tissues and the center was consisted of fresh and old releases (Figure 4). in that respect was no evidence of malignancy or infection in the mass, thymus, pericardium and lung. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient&aposs chest dull pain disappeared. The patient was discharged without complications. There was no sign of restitution for two months after the operation.DiscussionChronic expanding hematoma first advocated by Reid et al (6). is a rare clinicopathologic entity that grass occur in various locations, such as scrotum, kidney, thigh, retroperitoneum, cerebrum and chest (6-9). The most frequently reports of chronic expanding hematoma was occured in the cerebrum, followed by occurred in the chest. The majority of reports of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest were bring from Japan (1,3,5,10). To the best of our knowledge, this present case was the first case reported in China.Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tu berculous pleuritis (1-4). It can also develop in the absence of thoracic surgical treatment, injury or inflammatory disorders (5,10). A hematoma persists and increases in size more than one month after the initial expel is a chronic expanding hematoma. It is still unclear why hematomas grow continuously. Labadie and Glover (11) proposed a theory that microscopic hematomas forming after theinitial hemorrhage do not resolve naturally, and belatedly grow due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from freshly fragile microvessels beneath the fibrous capsule. Various blood factors and its breakdown products that have inflammatory properties, are maybe associated with repeated exudation or hemorrhage from fragile microvessels resulting in inflammation. As was seen in our case, we presumed that the initial hemorrhage was caused by the blunt chest injury 25 years ago, and then the hematoma grow slowly due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from the fragile microvessels in the gr anulation tissue. Respiratory movements, heart licking or constant coughing under a negative pleural pressure favor the proceeds of thoracic hematomas to become a larger one than other locations (5).The diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest is difficult due to its rarity, especially for those that develop slowly in patients with no history of surgery, trauma or tuberculosis. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest should be differentiate from teratoma, chronic empyema or aneurysmal bone cyst (5). magnetic resonance imaging has an important significance in diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma. The mosaic pattern of various signal intensities on T2-weighted MRI was reported as specific feature of chronic expanding hematoma (10,12). These various signal intensities indicated fresh and old blood caused by repeated hemorrhage over time. MRI results showed a good correlation with pathology of the disease.ConclusionsWe conclude that the following characteristics may be helpful in diagnosis chronic expanding hematoma in the chest (1) have a long course of disease with few symptoms (2) once received chest surgery, had a history of chest injury or tuberculous pleuritis occurred (3) T2-weighted MRI presents a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities (4) preoperative biopsy of the lesion without positive found. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest remains a very rare disease. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient has a mass in the chest with the above characteristics.Figure 1 Chest CT scan revealed a huge intrathoracic mass with a tissue density adhered to the left pericardium and a moderate pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity.Figure 2 T2-weighted MRI demonstrated a large well-defined mass in the chest, with a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities.Figure 3 Macroscopic observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissue s.Figure 4 Pathological examination showed an old hematoma surrounded by fibrous tissues and revealed some dilated microvessels and blood stasis.